Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Dec 16, 2024; 12(35): 6791-6807
Published online Dec 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i35.6791
Table 1 Some of the commonly available acellular dermal matrices
ADM
Source
Processor
Alloderm®HumanLifeCell Corp., Bridgewater, NJ, United States
Allomax®HumanCR Bard/Davol Inc., Cranston, RI, United States
DermACELL®HumanLifeNet Health Inc., Virginia Beach, VA, United States
NeoForm®HumanMentor, United States
Ethicon®HumanEthicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, United States
MatriDerm®BovineDr Suwelack AG, Billerbeck, Germany
IntegraTMBovineLife Sciences, Princeton, NJ, United States
Renoskin®BovinePerouse Plastie, France
PermacolTMPorcineMedtronic, Minneapolis, MN, United States
Strattice®PorcineAllergan, Madison, NJ, United States
CollaMendTMPorcineCR Bard/Davol Inc., Cranston, RI, United States
Table 2 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in burn
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Li et al[45]2015Human acellular dermal matrix allograft: A randomized, controlled human trial for the long-term evaluation of patients with extensive burnsThis randomized controlled clinical trial of human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) showed that the composite graft of human ADM with thinner split-thickness skin graft could provide acceptable esthetic outcomes, good functional recovery, and less scar formation at the donor site
Heimbach et al[33]2003Multicenter postapproval clinical trial of Integra dermal regeneration template for burn treatmentIntegra® has been found useful in postburn reconstructive procedures both for pediatric and adult patients, affording improved cosmetic results. It clearly provides a valuable, effective and safe clinical treatment modality for dealing with the difficult clinical management challenge posed by the extensively burned patient
Nguyen et al[32]2010An objective long-term evaluation of Integra (a dermal skin substitute) and split thickness skin grafts, in acute burns and reconstructive surgeryAuthors conclude that when objectively measured ADM treated sites correlate well with subject’s normal skin elasticity whilst no correlation was seen with the subject’s skin grafted sites
Guo et al[35]2016Use of porcine acellular dermal matrix following early dermabrasion reduces length of stay in extensive deep dermal burnsIn this retrospective study authors conclude that early dermabrasion combined with porcine ADM coverage facilitates wound healing, decreases the length of hospital stay, and improves esthetic and functional results in extensive deep dermal burns of adult patients
Wang et al[51]2020Clinical Applications of Allograft Skin in Burn CareThis compact review summarizes the current use of ADMs and skin allografts in burns in the light of clear evidence
Chen et al[47]2024Multicenter effect analysis of one-step acellular dermis combined with autologous ultra-thin split thickness skin composite transplantation in treating burn and traumatic woundsIn this open, randomized, controlled, multicenter study, the authors suggest that ADMs can be successfully combined with partial-thickness skin grafts in many other acute traumatic and chronic non-burn wounds
Table 3 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in various chronic wounds
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Luthringer et al[56]2020Human-derived Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts for Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisAuthors conclude that Human-derived acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are associated with a higher likelihood of complete healing and fewer days to complete healing within a 12-week and 16-week periods when compared with standard of care
Gormley et al[52]2024The use of fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix in severe diabetic foot ulceration and threatened limbs with tissue loss the use of FBADM as an adjunct for complex woundsAuthors conclude that ADM may be a useful adjunct in the acute setting of complex diabetic foot disease and critical limb-threating ischemia ulceration to assist with wound healing
Climov et al[53]2016The Role of Dermal Matrices in Treating Inflammatory and Diabetic WoundsAuthors review wide range of inflammatory wounds such as pyoderma gangrenosum, sickle cell ulcer, sarcoid ulcer as well as diabetic foot ulcer where ADMs may enhance the regenerative potential
Zelen et al[55]2018An aseptically processed, acellular, reticular, allogenic human dermis improves healing in diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective, randomised, controlled, multicentre follow-up trialThis randomized controlled trial demonstrates the effectiveness of the human derived ADM in facilitating the closure of nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers refractory to standard of care
Cazzell[58]2019A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing a Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Versus Conventional Care for the Treatment of Venous Leg UlcersAccording to this multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label trial, authors conclude that successful increase in healing rates and rate of percent wound closure in ADM application as compared with conventional care options
Strauss and Brietstein[59]2012Fetal Bovine Dermal Repair Scaffold Used for the Treatment of Difficult-to- Heal Complex WoundsAuthors conclude that ADMs can be used as part of an effective treatment regimen to heal complex wounds with exposed tendon/bone caused by varying etiologies
Table 4 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in breast surgery
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Sigalove et al[71]2017Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction: Rationale, indications, and preliminary resultsIn this report, the authors discuss the rationale for prepectoral implant reconstruction, its indications/contraindications, and preliminary results from over 350 reconstructions
Chopra et al[72]2021The Journey of Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction through TimeAuthors review the breast reconstruction history and favor prepectoral implant placement. They also encourage the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM)/Synthetic Mesh with prepectoral breast reconstruction as they are an efficient and effective mode of breast reconstruction, causing minimal morbidity whilst providing good cosmesis
Haddock et al[73]2021Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A Historically Controlled, Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of Perioperative OutcomesWhen compared two groups, authors found similar rates of overall perioperative complications. However, prepectoral placement might reduce unnecessary clinic visits; shorten the delay before adjuvant therapy, and minimize patient apprehension, pain, and discomfort related to clinic-based expansion
Nahabedian and Jacobson[67]2019Two-stage prepectoral breast reconstructionAuthors suggest that the prepectoral two-stage approach is indicated in the majority of patients and can be performed with fewer complications using ADM, especially in patients who will receive radiotherapy
Asaad et al[74]2023Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of 694 Two-Stage Prepectoral versus Subpectoral Breast ReconstructionsA large population reconstructed with ADM. Analysis demonstrated overall similar complication rates between the two-implant plane
Sbitany et al[75]2017A Safe Alternative to Submuscular Prosthetic Reconstruction following Nipple-Sparing MastectomyAfter two-staged implant reconstructions with ADM, analysis revealed no difference in total complication rate between the two groups and no differences in any of the individual complications measured that included infection, seroma and explantation
Nahabedian and Spear[79]2011Acellular dermal matrix for secondary procedures following prosthetic breast reconstructionAuthors defines novel ADM involving techniques for correcting deformities and complications, such as rippling, displacement, capsular contracture etc.
Kaufman[78]2012Pocket reinforcement using acellular dermal matrices in revisionary breast augmentationAuthor describes techniques for correcting deformities with ADM after primary breast augmentation
Table 5 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in chest wall reconstruction
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Sodha et al[85]2012The use of acellular dermal matrices in chest wall reconstructionFirst review of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) utilization in chest wall defects. Authors share their experiences and conclude that they favor acellular dermal matrices when there is concern for possible field contamination, active infection, or concern over wound healing
Cothren et al[84]2004Chest wall reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm) and a latissimus muscle flapFirst case report utilizing ADM in a chest wall defect
Khalil et al[86]2018Chest Wall Reconstruction with Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix (Strattice) and Autologous Tissue Transfer for High Risk Patients with Chest Wall TumorsReconstruction 7 sarcoma and 1 breast cancer resection involving chest wall. Authors encourage ADM use in chest wall reconstruction to resist infection in high-risk patients with extensive defects
Alshehri[87]2023Chest wall osteochondroma resection with biologic acellular bovine dermal mesh reconstruction in pediatric hereditary multiple exostoses: A case report and review of literatureResection and ADM involving reconstruction of a 5-year-old
Delgado-Miguel et al[88]2022The Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix (Integra Single Layer) for the Correction of Malformative Chest Wall Deformities: First Case Series ReportedFour cases of congenital chest malformation
Table 6 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in abdominal wall reconstruction
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Zhong et al[96]2011Outcomes after abdominal wall reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix: a systematic reviewAuthors conclude the need for high-level evidence when comparing acellular dermal matrix (ADM) use with other methods to make data-driven recommendations on clinical indications, surgical techniques and outcomes following ADM-assisted abdominal wall reconstruction
Sbitany et al[98]2015Outcomes Analysis of Biologic Mesh Use for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in Clean-Contaminated and Contaminated Ventral Hernia RepairAuthors conclude that single-stage repair of grade 3 hernias performed with component separation and biologic mesh reinforcement is effective and offers a low recurrence rate. The use of biologic mesh allows for avoidance of mesh explantation in instances of wound breakdown or infection. Bridging repairs are associated with a high recurrence rate, as is single-stage repair of grade 4 hernias
Atema et al[99]2017Major Complex Abdominal Wall Repair in Contaminated Fields with Use of a Non-cross-linked Biologic Mesh: A Dual-Institutional ExperienceAuthor proposes that the repair of the most challenging abdominal wall defect can be done effectively with combination of a non-cross-linked biologic mesh and component separation technique without the need for mesh removal despite wound infections
Hassan et al[107]2023Outcomes of Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction After Oncologic Resection: 14-Year Experience at an NCI-Designated Cancer CenterAuthors conclude that ADM-assisted abdominal wall repair after extirpative wall resections demonstrated comparable outcomes with primary herniorrhaphy
Giordano et al[108]2024Component Separation Decreases Hernia Recurrence Rates in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Biologic MeshAuthors concluded that the component separation technique combined with ADM was associated with fewer hernia recurrences, while surgical site occurrence was similar in long-term follow-up despite additional surgery
Table 7 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in head and neck
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Shridharani and Tufaro[109]2012A systematic review of acelluar dermal matrices in head and neck reconstructionFirst systematic review for the head and neck region
Gilardino et al[116]2018A Prospective Study Investigating Fistula Rate Following Primary Palatoplasty Using Acellular Dermal MatrixThis prospective study proposes the routine use of ADM in Veau II-IV clefts since it significantly reduce the fistula rate when compared their retrospective cohort
Linn et al[114]2022Comparison of the use of allogenic acellular dermal matrix on rates of Frey syndrome post parotidectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysisAuthors conclude that the use of ADM was associated with lower Frey syndrome rates compared to no ADM and should be considered in routine use to prevent this condition
Xu et al[112]2021Human-derived acellular dermal matrix may be an alternative to autologous grafts in tympanic membrane reconstruction: systematic review and meta-analysisAuthors conclude that human-derived ADM might be an effective alternative to autologous grafts for tympanoplasty
Girod et al[115]2009Acellular dermis compared to skin grafts in oral cavity reconstructionAuthors conclude that acellular dermis grafting for reconstruction of the oral cavity offers several advantages over split-thickness skin graft, including the lack of donor site morbidity, lower cost, a natural appearing mucosal surface, and comparable if not superior functional status
Warren et al[119]2000Dural repair using acellular human dermis: experience with 200 cases: technique assessmentAuthors conclude that acellular human dermis is a reasonable alternative to the available dural graft materials. Its handling characteristics are similar to those of dura, it is biologically inert, and it does not produce adhesion formation
Zang et al[117]2020Comparison of xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix and skin grafts in reconstruction of postoperative defects of hypopharyngeal cancer: A retrospective cohort studyAuthors conclude that both ADM and abdominal skin grafts demonstrated good effects in the reconstruction of hypopharynx, but the recovery time of eating function in patients with ADM was faster, which may be due to rapid epithelialization
Conrad et al[124]2018Acellular Human Dermal Allograft as a Graft for Nasal Septal Perforation ReconstructionAuthors conclude that as the first study to use objective and subjective measurements to confirm success with acellular dermis allograft as an adjunct for septal perforation repair it demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in patient nasal symptoms following repair
Grumbine et al[126]2019Correction of Lower Eyelid Retraction with En Glove Placement of Porcine Dermal Collagen Matrix ImplantAuthors describe the technique for mild to moderate retractions. The operative time is brief (< 30 minutes), with limited dissection and resultant minimal to no clinically significant ocular surface inflammation postoperatively
Kook et al[110]2023Prevention and Resolution of Silicone Implant-Related Problems in Secondary Rhinoplasty Using a Cross-Linked Human Acellular Dermal MatrixAuthors conclude that dorsal augmentation using the cross-linked human ADM along with various nasal tip work using autogenous cartilage. Surgical outcome showed favorable resolution of contracture deformities, a low infection rate, firm fixation of the implant, good skin texture/thickness of the skin/soft tissue envelope and gain of desired height and dorsal line
Fisher et al[111]2023Current Practices in Dorsal Augmentation RhinoplastyAuthors describe acellular dermal matrices are alternatives to autologous graft with many similar advantages and no need for an additional surgical site
Table 8 Clinical evidence examples of the utilization of acellular dermal matrix in extremity
Ref.
Year
Title
Note
Acevedo et al[128]2015Orthopedic applications of acellular human dermal allograft for shoulder and elbow surgeryAuthors review a wide variety of orthopedical applications of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) such as, rotator cuff tears, latissimus dorsi transfers, pectoralis major and biceps tendon repairs, glenoid resurfacing and acromioclavicular reconstruction
Cole et al[131]2018Achilles Tendon Augmented Repair Using Human Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Case SeriesAuthors report no cases of rerupture or complications that require additional treatment over average of 14.4 months of nine patient
Rabinovich and Lee[134]2018Proximal Row Carpectomy Using Decellularized Dermal AllograftAuthors describe their ADM-assisted resurfacing technique with illustration and figures
Hoang et al[135]2019Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix Following Fasciectomy for the Treatment of Dupuytren's DiseaseAuthors conclude that the adjunct placement of acellular dermal matrix into the wound bed following fasciectomy may be an important surgical strategy to reduce recurrence rates as well as augment coverage of exposed vital structures in cases of severe flexion contracture
Ellis and Kulber[37]2012Acellular dermal matrices in hand reconstructionA comprehensive review for ADM-assisted reconstruction of difficult skin and soft tissue defects resulted from various etiologies such as, ischemia, infection, advanced Dupuytren disease and burn contractures
Shim et al[132]2021Preventing postoperative adhesions after hand tendon repair using acellular dermal matrixAuthors conclude that he use of ADM after tendon repair has the potential to significantly improve the outcome of tendon surgery in terms of range of motion