Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 16, 2024; 12(26): 5885-5892
Published online Sep 16, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i26.5885
Table 1 Patient demographic data, mean ± SD

Nonretrograde group
Retrograde group
t value
P value
Age (year)51.7 ± 10.652.4 ± 11.30.2580.797
Sex (male/female)18/544/150.1280.721
Operation time (minute)257.3 ± 46.9264.7 ± 43.80.6190.540
Blood loss (mL)219.6 ± 49.3207.7± 56.50.9070.367
Follow-up time (month)27.4 ± 6.326.9 ± 7.0
Fixed segment2.4 ±0.692.5 ± 0.740.5540.581
Fusion segment
159140.6460.421
2135
Fixation of S1
Yes1250.9210.337
No6014
Table 2 Radiography parameters of the two groups, mean ± SD

Nonretrograde group
Retrograde group
t value
P value
PI (°)
Preoperative47.9 ± 9.257.8 ± 10.64.041< 0.001
Postoperative49.2 ± 9.658.1 ± 11.43.4540.008
Final follow-up49.6 ± 10.357.2 ± 11.92.768< 0.001
PT (°)
Preoperative20.5 ± 6.221.5 ± 6.40.6210.536
Postoperative15.6 ± 4.414.8 ± 5.60.6650.508
Final follow-up14.9 ± 3.915.3 ± 5.00.3740.709
SS (°)
Preoperative27.9 ± 8.335.1 ± 8.23.371< 0.001
Postoperative35.8 ± 7.942.7 ± 10.83.1230.002
Final follow-up37.1 ± 9.441.9 ± 7.72.0490.043
LL (°)
Preoperative34.1 ± 10.238.9 ± 14.81.6490.103
Postoperative48.7 ± 12.657.1 ± 10.62.6640.009
Final follow-up48.9 ± 9.756.3 ± 9.22.9880.003
lLL (°)
Preoperative24.9 ± 4.827.0 ± 6.81.5460.126
Postoperative38.1 ± 8.938.7 ± 9.90.2550.799
Final follow-up37.4 ± 9.638.9 ± 8.50.6190.537
uLL (°)
Preoperative8.1 ± 3.410.9 ± 4.72.9340.004
Postoperative12.5 ± 4.318.2 ± 6.44.605< 0.001
Final follow-up12.7 ± 5.617.6 ± 5.43.417< 0.001
Table 3 Lumbar sagittal images of the patients in the two groups, mean ± SD

Nonretrograde group
Retrograde group
t value
P value
|PI-LL| (°)
Preoperative13.9 ± 5.215.3 ± 5.81.0190.311
Postoperative1.9 ± 4.31.4 ± 3.60.4650.643
Final follow-up0.9 ± 2.11.2 ± 3.00.6710.504
PI-LL matching
Yes63160.1420.706
No93
LDI (%)
Preoperative75.9 ± 14.971.1 ± 16.71.2170.226
Postoperative75.7 ± 10.468.1 ± 11.52.7720.006
Final follow-up74.3 ± 9.467.2 ± 11.92.7640.006
Distribution of LL
LDI < 50%6749.937< 0.001
50% ≤ LDI < 80%6412
80 ≤ LDI20
Table 4 Quality of life of the patients in the two groups, mean ± SD

Nonretrograde group
Retrograde group
t value
P value
ODI score
Preoperative41.4 ± 11.940.8 ± 10.30.2010.841
Postoperative21.1 ± 7.226.1 ± 7.42.677< 0.001
Final follow-up18.0 ± 6.324.2 ± 4.64.009< 0.001
VAS score
Preoperative7.0 ± 2.27.4 ± 2.50.6850.495
Postoperative2.2 ± 1.23.1 ± 1.62.7030.008
Final follow-up1.8 ± 1.12.9 ± 1.43.654< 0.001