Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 6, 2024; 12(25): 5749-5760
Published online Sep 6, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i25.5749
Table 1 Study characteristics
Ref.
Study location
Number of NAFLD
Sample size (HBV+ /HBV-)
Age (year)
Gender (F/M)
Subtype of study
Diagnosis of fatty liver
Follow
Adjusted OR/RR (95%CI)
Wang et al[20], 2008Taiwan25750/45744.6 ± 1.4/46.8 ± 0.4264/243Case-controlUltrasonographyNA0.97 (0.48, 1.95)
Yun et al[21], 2009Korea4468/1821.0 (20-26)0/86Case-controlLiver biopsy2005-20061.19 (1.17, 2.83)
Wong et al[22], 2012Hong
Kong
27391/92249 ± 10/48 ± 11580/433Cross-sectionalMRS2008-20100.42 (0.20, 0.88)
Cheng et al[23], 2013Taiwan146713642/2979751.9 ± 13.115182/18257Cross-sectionalUltrasonography2002-20090.66 (0.59, 0.72)
Peng et al[24], 2013China527253/92220-74438/1131Case-controlUltrasonography2007-20083.96 (2.10, 7.48)
Yilmaz et al[25], 2015Turkey2888/031 ± 1.127/61Cross-sectionalLiver biopsyNA0.21 (0.11, 0.41)
Chan et al[26], 2017Hong
Kong
107270/043.6 ± 11.367/203CohortLiver biopsy2006-20090.43 (0.30, 0.60)
Joo et al[27], 2017Korea202003926/7941338.5 (7.2)/ 37.5 (7.6)40856/42483CohortUltrasonography2002-20140.78 (0.72, 0.84)
Zhong et al[28], 2018China631291/269745-661849/1139Case-controlUltrasonography2015-20160.64 (0.42, 0.95)
Azarkar et al[12], 2019Iran336373/44741.1 ± 12.9/39.8 ± 13.9403/420Case-controlUltrasonography2013-20140.62 (0.455, 0.845)
Lee et al[29], 2019Korea70321/041 (33-49)125/196CohortLiver biopsy2007-20151.56 (0.90, 2.71)
Peleg et al[30], 2019Israel241524/042.32
(18.5-83.5)
209/315CohortUltrasonography2007-20170.08 (0.02, 0.28)
Sharif et al[31], 2019Pakistan166230/036.8 ± 10.8427/203Cross-sectionalTransient elastography2018-20195.4 (3.62, 8.03)
Wang et al[13], 2019China308152/171446.42 ± 10.2911866/0CohortUltrasonography2011-20140.656 (0.379, 1.134)
Zhu et al[32], 2019China2832393/050.7 ± 13.21767/626CohortUltrasonography2012-20150.89 (0.69, 1.15)
Huang et al[33], 2020China49172110/1234243.84 ± 13.036710/7742CohortUltrasonography2016-20180.717 (0.608, 0.846)
Su et al[34], 2020Taiwan10430/7449.97 ± 14.7647/57Cross-sectionalLiver biopsy2009-20183.55 (1.46, 8.58)
Zhuang et al[35], 2020China8846/4237.37 ± 10.11/39.64 ± 12.3113/75Cross-sectionalMRS2013-20160.322 (0.095, 0.550)
Lv et al[10], 2021China63155680/1077142.6 ± 11.2/46.9 ± 10.66519/9932CohortUltrasonography2013-2017NA
Zhou et al[36], 2022China3278/10545.41 ± 11.5954/129Cross-sectionalUltrasonography2019-20201.95 (0.90, 4.22)
Table 2 Scores using modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for included studies
Ref.
Selection
Comparability
Exposure
Total score
Fully defined cases
Define the study design
Selection of controls
Described the general characteristics
Controlling the important factors or confounding factors
List inclusion and exclusion criteria for all the participants
Provided Enrollment duration for all the participants
Indicate study period and follow-up duration
Wang et al[20], 2008***2117
Yun et al[21], 20091112117
Wong et al[22], 201211121118
Cheng et al[23], 20131112117
Peng et al[24], 20131111116
Yilmaz et al[25], 20151112117
Chan et al[26], 2017111111118
Joo et al[27], 2017111121119
Zhong et al[28], 201811112118
Azarkar et al[12], 201911112118
Lee et al[29], 201911111117
Peleg et al[30], 201911111117
Sharif et al[31], 20191112117
Wang et al[13], 2019111121119
Zhu et al[32], 201911121118
Huang et al[33], 2020111216
Su et al[34], 202011111117
Zhuang et al[35], 202011111117
Lv et al[10], 20211112117
Zhou et al[36], 202211111117
Table 3 Results of meta-regression analysis of the risk association between hepatitis B infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Heterogeneous factors
Coef.
SE
95%CI
P value
Lower
Upper
Age0.4770.391-0.3471.3020.061
Year-0.0200.055-0.1360.0960.723
Study quality-0.5270.734-2.0751.0210.718
Study design-0.2260.265-0.7840.3320.959
Diagnosis of fatty liver-0.0950.223-0.5650.3750.827
BMI0.8480.3890.2331.6730.010
Diabetes0.7900.417-0.1121.6910.015
Study location0.9920.0820.8321.1820.208
Follow-0.0680.057-0.1910.0540.603
Table 4 Factors associated with hepatic steatosis in patients with hepatitis B infection
Variable
Number of studies
Random effects model
Heterogeneity
Publication bias
OR or SMD (95%CI)
P value
Q value
P value
I2
Egger’s P value
Begg’s P value
BMI (kg/m2)7OR: 1.24 (1.21, 1.27)< 0.0127.79< 0.0178.400.690.88
5SMD: 2.40 (1.20, 3.61)< 0.0134.11< 0.0188.300.940.73
ALT5OR: 1.01 (1.00, 1.03)0.05140.35< 0.0197.100.380.81
5SMD: 6.76 (0.92, 12.60)0.0224.28< 0.0183.500.010.46
Creatinine2SMD: 4.73 (4.15, 5.31)< 0.010.170.680.00NA0.32
UA3SMD: 64.24 (60.75, 67.74)< 0.010.590.740.000.160.60
FBG6OR: 1.58 (1.13, 1.77)< 0.01114.14< 0.0195.600.490.85
5SMD: 1.55 (1.43, 1.68)< 0.019.860.0459.400.920.81
Cholesterol7SMD: 0.37 (0.12, 0.62)< 0.0137.01< 0.0183.800.010.76
LDL-C6SMD: 0.28 (0.03, 0.52)0.0366.65< 0.0192.500.060.71
Triglyceride6OR: 1.71 (1.14, 2.55)0.0159.19< 0.0191.600.040.45
HOMA-IR3OR: 1.46 (1.17, 1.83)< 0.016.680.0370.900.400.60