Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Clin Cases. Sep 6, 2024; 12(25): 5673-5680
Published online Sep 6, 2024. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i25.5673
Table 1 Magnetic resonance imaging scan sequence and parameter settings

TR (ms)
TE (ms)
Matrix of images
Slice thickness (mm)
Layer spacing (mm)
Scan duration (min)
T1WI55015256×25650.66
T2WI4000102256×25640.57
PDWI300030256×25630.47
T2*WI56015256×25630.66
3D-CISS70012512×5121.50.35
Table 2 Characteristics of the patients at baseline, n (%)

Overall (n = 60)
Male (n = 35)
Female (n = 25)
t/χ2
P value
Age (yr)38.4 ± 10.239.5 ± 10.536.8 ± 9.81.0090.317
Body mass index (kg/m²)25.3 ± 4.226.1 ± 3.924.2 ± 4.51.7450.086
Duration of pain (mo)6.2 ± 3.75.9 ± 3.36.6 ± 4.1-0.7320.467
Smoking (yes)18 (30)12 (34.3)6 (24.0)0.3270.567
Past history of elbow joint (yes)10 (16.7)6 (17.1)4 (16.0)0.0140.906
Table 3 Performance of magnetic resonance imaging sequences in the diagnosis of cartilage injury in the elbow

Diagnostic sensitivity (%)
Diagnostic specificity (%)
Accuracy (%)
Positive predictive value (%)
Negative predictive value (%)
T1WI81.67 [49/60]78.33 [47/60]79.67 ± 6.5476.47 ± 7.3282.61 ± 5.88
T2WI83.33 [50/60]71.67 [43/60]a75.00 ± 5.58a68.49 ± 7.25a84.75 ± 4.47
PDWI70.00 [42/60]b85 [51/60]a,b78.33 ± 5.2582.35 ± 6.65a,b74.19 ± 6.01a,b
T2*WI78.33 [47/60]c78.33 [47/60]b,c77.96 ± 5.9973.53±7.44b,c80.77 ± 6.20c
3D-CISS90.00 [54/60]a,b,c,d88.33 [53/60]a,b,d89.34 ± 4.98a,b,c,d87.10 ± 5.18a,b,c,d92.31 ± 4.13a,b,c,d
Table 4 Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging sequence combinations in the diagnosis of different grades of elbow cartilage injury

Mild injury accuracy (%)
Moderate injury accuracy (%)
Severe injury accuracy (%)
T1WI+T2WI78.26b,c84.62b,c80.00b,c
PDWI+3D-CISS86.96a,c92.31a,c86.67a,c
T2*WI+PDWI82.61a,b88.46a,b73.33a,b
Full sequence union91.30a,b,c96.15a,b,c93.33a,b,c
Table 5 Concordance analysis between arthroscopic diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging sequence diagnosis, n (%)

No. of joints
No. of agreements
No. of inconsistencies
Kappa value
P value
Arthroscopy and T1WI6042 (70.00)18 (30.00)0.650< 0.001
Arthroscopy and T2WI6045 (75.00)15 (25.00)0.720< 0.001
Arthroscopy and PDWI6048 (80.00)12 (20.00)0.760< 0.001
Arthroscopy and T2*WI6040 (66.67)20 (33.33)0.620< 0.001
Arthroscopy and 3D-CISS6052 (86.67)8 (13.33)0.840< 0.001
Arthroscopy was combined with all MRI sequences6055 (91.67)5 (8.33)0.890< 0.001