Dapagliflozin and sacubitril on myocardial microperfusion in patients with post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure and type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Comparison of general characteristics between the two groups

Item	Control group (n = 47)	Observation group (n = 51)	t/F	P value
Sex (M/F)	26 (55.32)/21 (44.68)	28 (54.90)/23 (45.10)	0.002	0.967
Age (year)	63.92 ± 9.85	65.01 ± 10.21	-0.537	0.593
BMI (kg/m2)	26.12 ± 2.56	26.64 ± 2.67	-0.982	0.328
HR (beat/min)	80.11 ± 9.14	78.95 ± 8.78	0.641	0.523
T2DM course (years)	8.96 ± 2.47	8.74 ± 2.19	0.467	0.641
Time from onset to operation (hours)	5.21 ± 1.91	5.04 ± 1.97	0.433	0.666
Killip classification (I-IV)			0.703	0.704
Grade II	11 (23.40)	10 (19.61)
Grade III	28 (59.57)	29 (56.86)
Grade IV	8 (17.02)	12 (23.53)

Control group: Noxital treatment; Observation group: Dapagliflozin combined with noxital; BMI: Body mass index; HR: Heart rate.

Table 2 Comparison of myocardial micro perfusion indexes between the two groups

Item	Control group (n = 47)		t	P value	Observation group (n = 51)		t	P value
	Before treatment	After treatment			Before treatment	After treatment
CTFC	80.25 ± 4.89	48.23 ± 4.66a	32.05	< 0.01	78.98 ± 5.47	37.12 ± 5.02a,c	42.07	< 0.01
TMPG	130.14 ± 7.85	105.25 ± 6.11a	19.65	< 0.01	128.97 ± 10.04	96.12 ± 5.78a,c	19.04	< 0.01
CFVR	2.25 ± 0.41	2.98 ± 0.47a	-6.52	< 0.01	2.20 ± 0.46	3.32 ± 0.51a,c	-13.53	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05 vs before treatment.

^cP < 0.05 vs control group.

CTFC: Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count; TMPG: Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade; CFVR: Coronary flow velocity reserves.

Table 3 Comparison of blood glucose indicators between the two groups

Item	Control group (n = 47)		t	P value	Observation group (n = 51)		t	P value
	Before treatment	After treatment			Before treatment	After treatment
FBG (mmol/L)	11.12 ± 1.77	7.47 ± 1.08a	12.89	< 0.01	10.98 ± 1.84	6.33 ± 0.87a,c	16.23	< 0.01
2hPG (mmol/L)	15.21 ± 2.56	10.41 ± 2.01a	12.16	< 0.01	15.34 ± 2.17	8.41 ± 1.81a,c	16.20	< 0.01
HbA1c (%)	12.25 ± 2.74	8.02 ± 1.96a	12.16	< 0.01	11.98 ± 2.83	6.84 ± 1.54a,c	13.31	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05 vs before treatment.

^cP < 0.05 vs control group.

FBG: Fasting blood glucose; 2hPG: 2-h postprandial glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 4 Comparison of indexes related to cardiac function between the two groups

Item	Control group (n = 47)		t	P value	Observation group (n = 51)		t	P value
	Before treatment	After treatment			Before treatment	After treatment
LVEF (%)	43.26 ± 5.21	50.25 ± 5.78a	-5.60	< 0.01	42.97 ± 5.74	55.69 ± 6.01a,c	-10.86	< 0.01
LVESD (mm)	44.21 ± 3.89	38.95 ± 3.41a	9.38	< 0.01	44.11 ± 4.03	34.41 ± 3.26a,c	15.70	< 0.01
LVEDD (mm)	59.78 ± 4.41	54.63 ± 4.05a	7.24	< 0.01	60.23 ± 4.52	51.78 ± 3.69a,c	9.17	< 0.01
LVMI (g/m2)	115.02 ± 16.45	102.89 ± 13.04a	4.68	< 0.01	113.87 ± 17.14	95.36 ± 10.47a,c	7.51	< 0.01
LVRI (g/mL)	1.61 ± 0.15	1.46 ± 0.12a	4.92	< 0.01	1.59 ± 0.18	1.37 ± 0.11a,c	7.21	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05 vs before treatment.

^cP < 0.05 vs control group.

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; LVRI: Left ventricular remodeling index.

Table 5 Comparison of correlation factors between two groups

Item	Control group (n = 47)		t	P value	Observation group (n = 51)		t	P value
	Before treatment	After treatment			Before treatment	After treatment
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	3624.74 ± 475.69	2015.23 ± 286.31a	20.00	< 0.01	3652.05 ± 439.87	1502.65 ± 255.87a,c	26.28	< 0.01
NT-proANP (ng/mL)	3526.02 ± 412.05	1875.52 ± 241.02a	24.39	< 0.01	3498.74 ± 397.86	1415.69 ± 213.05a,c	31.17	< 0.01
GDF-15 (g/L)	3.02 ± 0.85	1.21 ± 0.56a	12.91	< 0.01	2.97 ± 0.93	0.87 ± 0.43a,c	15.19	< 0.01
hs-CRP (mg/L)	13.56 ± 2.58	8.77 ± 1.94a	10.20	< 0.01	13.42 ± 2.67	6.54 ± 1.56a,c	20.60	< 0.01

^aP < 0.05 vs before treatment.

^cP < 0.05 vs control group.

NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; NT-proANP: N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide; GDF-15: Growth differentiation factor-15; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 6 Comparison of major adverse cardiovascular events incidence rates between the two groups [n (%)]

Item	Control group (n = 47)	Observation group (n = 51)
Recurrent myocardial infarction	3 (6.38)	1 (1.96)
Heart failure	2 (4.26)	1 (1.96)
Angina pectoris	6 (12.77)	2 (3.92)
Cardiogenic death	1 (2.13)	0 (0.00)
Cumulative MACE incidence	11 (25.53)	4 (7.84)a
F value	0.446
P value	0.979

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events.