Effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation and adverse events after interventional therapy in older patients with acute coronary syndrome

Table 1 Comparison of the general conditions of the two groups of patients

Group	n	Sex, n (%)		Age, mean ± SD	Time from onset to admission in h, mean ± SD	Comorbidities, n (%)
		Male	Female			High blood pressure	Diabetes	Cardiovascular disease
Observation group	85	45 (52.94)	40 (47.06)	64.29 ± 7.53	3.58 ± 0.71	49 (57.65)	38 (44.71)	19 (22.35)
Control group	80	40 (50.00)	40 (50.00)	63.78 ± 7.62	3.46 ± 0.75	44 (55.00)	35 (43.75)	17 (21.25)
χ2/t	-	0.143		0.432	1.056	0.117	0.015	0.029
P value	-	0.706		0.666	0.293	0.732	0.902	0.864

Observation group: Patients treated with bivalirudin; Control group: Patients treated with unfractionated heparin. SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Comparison of emergency flow times

Group	n	Emergency classification	Diagnostic examination	Perform coronary interventions	Completion of emergency treatment
Observation group	85	1.82 ± 0.35	4.37 ± 1.12	33.96 ± 3.51	41.76 ± 3.92
Control group	80	3.06 ± 0.71	6.58 ± 2.39	40.46 ± 4.33	54.27 ± 4.76
t value	-	14.357	7.677	10.621	18.473
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Data are mean ± standard deviation and in minutes. Observation group: Patients treated with bivalirudin; Control group: Patients treated with unfractionated heparin.

Table 3 Comparison of cardiac function indices

Groups	n	LVEF in %		CK-MB in U/L		NYHA points
		Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention
Observation group	85	41.57 ± 3.46	59.18 ± 4.35	114.36 ± 14.32	48.06 ± 4.37	2.86 ± 0.53	1.75 ± 0.42
Control group	80	41.78 ± 3.21	51.24 ± 3.87	112.93 ± 14.84	54.75 ± 5.11	2.83 ± 0.50	2.01 ± 0.53
t value	-	0.403	12.359	0.630	9.055	0.373	3.503
P value	-	0.687	< 0.001	0.530	< 0.001	0.709	0.001

Data are mean ± standard deviation. Observation group: Patients treated with bivalirudin; Control group: Patients treated with unfractionated heparin. CK-MB: Phosphocreatine kinase isoenzyme; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 4 Comparison of cardiovascular events and recurrences

Groups	n	Arrhythmia	Heart failure	Cardiac arrest	Shock, loanword	Cardiovascular events	Recurrent myocardial infarction
Observation group	85	2	1	1	0	4 (4.71)	3 (3.53)
Control group	80	5	4	2	2	13 (16.25)	10 (12.50)
χ2 value	-	-	-	-	-	5.943	4.569
P value	-	-	-	-	-	0.015	0.033

Data are n (%). Observation group: Patients treated with bivalirudin; Control group: Patients treated with unfractionated heparin.