An unusual etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage, basilar artery perforator aneurysms, in Macao: Three case reports and review of literature

Table 1 Demographic and treatment data for each patient

Patient	Age in yr	Sex	Modified Fisher grade	Detection on initial angiography	Size in mm	Location of perforating artery of BA	Treatment	Material for embolization	Infarction post-treatment	Rebleed after treatment	Clinical outcome	Length of follow-up
1	58	F	1	Yes	4.2 × 2.6 × 3.0	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	Coils	No	No	Stable	18 months
2	79	F	1	Yes	2.0 × 2.0 × 2.5	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	Coils	Yes	No	Dead	2 months
3	31	F	4	Yes	3.0 × 2.5 × 3.0	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	Coils	No	No	Stable	24 months

BA: Basilar artery; F: Female.

Table 2 Review of previously published basilar artery perforated aneurysm cases

Author	Yr of publication	Age in yr	Location of perforating artery of BA	Treatment	Pontine infarction	Rebleed subarachnoid hemorrhage	Clinical outcome	Length of follow-up
Ghogawala et al[1]	1996	56	Distal	Surgery	No	No	Stable	6 months
Hamel et al[11]	2005	44	Mid	Surgery	No	No	Residual ataxia	7 months
Fiorella et al[12]	2006	13	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	6 months
Sanchez-Meija et al[7]	2007	27	Distal 1/3	Surgery	No	No	Stable	Unknown
		68	Mid 1/3	Surgery	No	No	Stable	Unknown
		2	Mid 1/3	Surgery	No	No	Stable	Unknown
Park et al[13]	2009	54	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	16 months
		67	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	16 months
		53	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	1 month
Mathieson et al[12]	2010	51	Distal 1/3	Surgery	No	No	Mild amnesia	Unknown
Chen et al[8]	2012	66	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	24 months
		28	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	18 months
Nyberg et al[15]	2013	50	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	2 months
		60	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	4 months
Ding et al[9]	2013	58	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 wk
		55	Distal 1/3	Conservative	Yes	No	Stable	19 months
		62	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	Yes	No	Hemiparesis	22 months
Chalouhi et al[16]	2014	65	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	6 months
Chavent et al[4]	2014	55	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 months
		39	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	12 months
		59	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 months
Forbrig et al[5]	2015	71	Mid 1/3	Conservative	Yes	Yes	Hemiparesis	11 months
		65	Mid 1/3	Conservative	Yes	No	Hemiparesis	15 months
		82	Mid 1/3	Conservative	Yes	No	Hemiparesis	6 months
		60	Distal 1/3	Conservative	Yes	No	Stable	78 months
		53	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 months
		72	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Mild cognitive impairment	5 months
		59	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	No	Yes	Hemiparesis	23 months
		71	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Hemiparesis	60 months
Aboukais et al[17]	2016	67	Distal	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 wk
Daruwalla et al[3]	2016	76	Mid	Conservative	No	No	Dead	16 d
Finitsis et al[10]	2017	59	Distal	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 wk
		78	Distal	Conservative	Yes	No	Quadriparesis	12 months
		53	Mid	Conservative	No	No	Stable	6 wk
		62	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	3 months
Chau et al[19]	2017	53	Distal	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	6 months
Satti et al[6]	2017	52	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	7 months
Buell et al[18]	2018	62	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	49 months
		63	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	50 months
Bhogal et al[20]	2019	65	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	3 months
		55	Distal	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	9 months
		66	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	12 months
		41	Mid	Endovascular	Yes	No	Stable	5 months
		52	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	4 months
		39	Mid	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	3 months
		59	Mid	Conservative	No	No	Stable	3 months
		57	Distal	Conservative	No	No	Stable	1 month
		62	Distal	Conservative	No	Yes	Hemiparesis	2 months
Enomato et al[22]	2020	60	Distal 1/3	Conservative	Yes	No	Stable	2 months
Nathan et al[24]	2020	62	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	30 months
		48	Distal 1/3	Conservative	No	No	Stable	12 months
Mizuno et al[21]	2020	69	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	1 month
Sattur et al[26]	2020	62	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	3 months
Inoue et al[28]	2020	72	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	Yes	No	Stable	3 months
Ma et al[23]	2021	52	Distal 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	6 months
	2021	48	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	18 months
	2021	65	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Dead	N/A
Kuhn et al[25]	2021	Unknown	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	Yes	No	Stable	12 d
Mutlu et al[27]	2022	64	Mid 1/3	Endovascular	No	No	Stable	2 wk
Elsheikh et al[29]	2022	57 (40-78 ± 10.7)	N/A	Endovascular	Yes (1 case)	Yes (2 cases)	Stable (16 cases); dead (2 cases)	Median: 180 d

BA: Basilar artery; N/A: Not available.