Transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in senile acute myeloid leukemia and correlation with prognosis

Table 1 Primer sequences

Genes		Primer sequence
VEGF	Upstream primer	5’-AACACAGACTCGCGTTGCAA-3’
	Downstream primer	5’-ACCGCCTCGGCTTGTCA-3’
TGFβ1	Upstream primer	5’-GAGAAGAACYGCTGCGTGCGG-3’
	Downstream primer	5’-GCGTGTCCAGGCTCCAAATGT-3’
GAPDH	Upstream primer	5’-GATGACCTTGCCCACAGCCT-3’
	Downstream primer	5’-GGGTCATTGATGGCAACAATATC-3’

VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.

Table 2 Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1

Group	Number of cases	VEGF	TGFβ1
AML group	80	2.68 ± 0.16	0.33 ± 0.05
Healthy control group	56	2.41 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.09
t		10.693	9.943
P value		0.000	0.000

AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.

Table 3 Correlations between clinical characteristics and vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Characteristic	Item	VEGF		χ2	P value	TGFβ1		χ2	P value
		Low	High			Low	High
Sex	Male	27	30	0.549	0.459	29	17	0.417	0.518
	Female	13	10			19	15
Age (yr)	< 60	23	29	0.244	0.622	21	22	1.427	0.232
	≥ 60	14	14			23	14
WBC (× 109/L)	< 10	14	26	6.054	0.014	28	11	8.673	0.003
	≥ 10	25	15			16	25
Hb (g/L)	< 80	25	16	5.031	0.025	16	23	6.004	0.014
	≥ 80	14	25			28	13
LDH (U/L)	< 250	13	11	1.164	0.281	21	9	2.507	0.113
	≥ 250	23	33			26	24
Plt (%)	< 80	13	28	7.155	0.007	18	7	4.246	0.039
	≥ 80	24	15			26	29

WBC: White blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; Plt: Platelet count; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.

Table 4 Vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β1 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia with different treatment responses

Item	VEGF	TGFβ1
Healthy control (n = 56)	2.41 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.09
Complete response (n = 36)	2.42 ± 0.10a	0.43 ± 0.11a
Partial response (n = 23)	2.58 ± 0.13a	0.37 ± 0.13a
No response (n = 21)	2.67 ± 0.11a	0.34 ± 0.09a
t	35.927	11.439
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 compared with the healthy control group.

VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.

Table 5 Factors influencing the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Item	OS		P value	DFS		P value
	HR	95%CI		HR	95%CI
WBC	0.326	0.19-1.351	0.064	0.241	0.091-0.829	0.039
Plt	0.529	0.134-1.131	0.035	0.391	0.109-0.836	0.067
VEGF	0.509	0.206-1.641	0.019	0.415	0.132-1.729	0.034
TGFβ1	0.431	0.221-1.435	0.026	0.315	0.175-1.635	0.027

OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; WBC: White blood cells; Plt: Platelet count; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.