Effect of a comprehensive geriatric assessment nursing intervention model on older patients with diabetes and hypertension

Table 1 Scales

Scales	Objects	Criteria
MBI	Physical function	The total score was 100 points, with classifications as follows: 75–95 (mild dependence), 50–70 (moderate dependence), 25–45 (severe dependence), and 0–20 points (full dependence)[9,10]
GDS	Depression level	The total score was 30 points, indicating depressive symptoms if > 11 points were scored[11]
HAMA	Anxiety levels	The total score was 50 points, with classifications as follows: ≥ 29 (severe anxiety), 21–28 (marked anxiety), 14–20 (moderate anxiety), and 7–13 points (mild anxiety)[12]
MNA	Nutritional status	The total score was 30 points, with classifications as follows: > 24 (good), 17–24 (possible malnutrition), and < 17 points (malnutrition)[13]
MoCA	Cognitive function	The total score was 30 points, wherein < 26 points indicate cognitive impairment[14]
PSQI	Sleep quality	The total score was 21 points, with classifications as follows: 0–5 (good quality), 6–10 (general), 11–15 (poor), and 16–21 points (fairly poor)[15]

MBI: Modified Barthel Index; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; MNA: Mini Nutrition Assessment Scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Table 2 Blood glucose control target in older patients with diabetes

Blood glucose test indicators	No hypoglycemic risk drugs			Use of hypoglycemic risk drugs
	Good	Medium	Poor	Good	Medium	Poor
HbA1c (mmol/L)	< 7.5	< 8.0	< 8.5	7.0–7.5	7.5–8.0	8.0–8.5
FBG (mmol/L)	5.0–7.2	5.0–8.3	5.6–10.0	5.0–8.3	5.6–8.3	5.6–10.0
2hPBG (mmol/L)	5.0–8.3	5.6–10.0	6.1–11.1	5.6–10.0	8.3–10.0	8.3–13.9

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin, type A1c; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG: 2 h postprandial blood glucose.

Table 3 General data between the two groups of patients

	Study group (n = 40)	Control group (n = 40)	t/χ2 value	P value
Male/female	19/21	22/18	0.450	0.502
Age (yr)	70.35 ± 4.26	71.20 ± 4.18	0.901	0.370
Diabetes course (yr)	9.13 ± 2.26	8.80 ± 2.24	0.646	0.520
Hypertension course (yr)	5.30 ± 1.09	5.28 ± 0.72	0.121	0.904

Table 4 Changes in blood glucose indicators before and after intervention in the two groups (n = 40)

	FBG (mmol/L)		2hPBG (mmol/L)		HbA1c (%)
	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Study group	9.28 ± 0.82	5.79 ± 0.48a	11.41 ± 1.20	6.75 ± 1.99a	9.10 ± 1.96	6.45 ± 1.06a
Control group	9.36 ± 0.75	7.54 ± 0.33a	11.40 ± 1.34	8.79 ± 1.78a	9.05 ± 1.04	7.44 ± 1.09a
t value	0.404	19.060	0.076	4.815	0.128	4.303
P value	0.678	< 0.001	0.940	< 0.001	0.899	< 0.001

^aP < 0.01, Comparison within the same group and before intervention.

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin, type A1c; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG: 2 h postprandial blood glucose.

Table 5 Changes in blood pressure indices before and after intervention (n = 40)

	DBP (mmHg)		SBP (mmHg)
	Before	After	Before	After
Study group	100.23 ± 6.49	86.38 ± 4.75	162.60 ± 4.74	138.70 ± 7.34
Control group	98.35 ± 5.93	89.08 ± 4.21	163.45 ± 5.31	143.30 ± 6.65
t value	1.348	2.691	0.755	2.939
P value	0.181	0.009	0.453	0.004

DPB: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Table 6 Changes in quality of life in the two groups before and after intervention (n = 40)

	Physical health	Emotion	Physiological function	Overall health	Mental health
Before
Study group	63.45 ± 2.05	60.80 ± 2.40	65.60 ± 3.02	68.80 ± 1.16	60.48 ± 1.92
Control group	63.33 ± 2.12	61.18 ± 2.33	65.18 ± 3.20	68.48 ± 1.84	60.90 ± 2.24
t value	0.268	0.709	0.611	0.945	0.911
P value	0.789	0.480	0.543	0.347	0.365
After
Study group	81.98 ± 2.74a	78.90 ± 2.52a	88.03 ± 2.26a	89.43 ± 3.39a	92.20 ± 2.09a
Control group	75.05 ± 3.02a	72.63 ± 2.87b	76.73 ± 2.24a	80.18 ± 2.32a	88.90 ± 2.16a
t value	10.737	10.390	22.458	14.248	6.947
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aP < 0.01, Comparison within the same group and before intervention.

^bP < 0.05.