Natural history of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinic without beds: A long-term prognosis over 10 years

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Characteristic	Value
Number of patients	237
Male	123
Female	114
Age in yr	47.675 ± 15.625 (20-78)
Gallbladder stone
Number of stones	2.318 ± 3.500 (1-20)
Size in mm	7.343 ± 4.298 (1-22)
UDCA	68
Hypertension	125
Hyperlipidemia	119
Diabetes mellitus	110
Cerebrovascular disease	42
Chronic respiratory disease	37
Cardiac disease	28
Chronic liver disease	35
Chronic renal disease	42
Malignant disease	10

UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid.

Table 2 Biliary complications noted during the observation period

Biliary complication	Value
Biliary event	23
Acute cholecystitis	14
Acute cholangitis	5
Obstructive jaundice	2
Gallstone pancreatitis	2

Table 3 Comparison of the groups with and without biliary complications

Characteristic	No symptom, n = 214	Biliary event, n = 23	P value
Male	108	15	0.1951
Female	106	8	0.1951
Gallstone
Number ≤ 2	3	20	< 0.0010
Diameter < 10 mm	3	20	< 0.0010
UDCA	66	2	0.0277
Hypertension	115	10	0.6653
Hyperlipidemia	108	11	0.8293
Diabetes mellitus	102	8	0.5078
Cerebrovascular disease	36	6	0.1111
Chronic respiratory disease	33	4	0.5384
Cardiac disease	26	2	1.0000
Chronic liver disease	32	3	1.0000
Chronic renal disease	36	6	0.1111
Malignant disease	9	1	1.0000

UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid.

Table 4 Causes of deaths during the observation period

Causes of deaths	n
Total number	11
Lung cancer	4
Cerebral infarction	3
Acute myocardial infarction	2
Gastric cancer	1
Colorectal cancer	1