Survey study of the etiology of non-traumatic altered consciousness in the Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital in Egypt

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, n (%)

Variables	n = 87	Alive	Dead	P value
Age, yr				N/A
mean ± SD	60.5 ± 13.6	60.4 ± 14.1	62.6 ± 12.2
Median (range)	75 (18-93)	75 (18-93)	48 (30-78)
Age groups				0.4b
18-29	3 (3.4)	3 (4.6)	0 (0)
30-39	3 (3.4)	2 (3.1)	1 (4.5)
40-49	5 (5.7)	4 (6.2)	1 (4.5)
50-59	20 (23.0)	15 (23.1)	5 (22.7)
≥ 60	56 (64.5)	41 (63.0)	15 (68.3)
Male	52 (60.0)	40 (61.5)	12 (54.5)	0.3b
Female	35 (40.0)	25 (38.5)	10 (45.5)

^bP: Non-significant.

N/A: Not applicable; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Chronic illnesses of the cohort, n (%)

Chronic illnesses	n = 87	Dead, n = 22	Alive, n = 65	P value
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	10 (11.5)	0 (0)	10 (15.4)	0.04a
Chronic kidney disease	12 (13.8)	6 (27.3)	6 (9.2)	0.03a
Diabetes mellitus	30 (34.5)	10 (45.5)	20 (30.8)	0.1b
Cancer	8 (9.2)	5 (22.7)	3 (4.6)	0.02a
Chronic liver disease	14 (16.1)	8 (36.4)	6 (9.2)	0.006a
Cerebrovascular stroke	14 (16.1)	2 (9.1)	12 (18.5)	0.2b
Coronary artery disease	10 (11.5)	3 (13.6)	7 (10.8)	0.4b
Hypertension	38 (43.7)	12 (54.5)	26 (40)	0.1b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP: Non-significant.

Table 3 Distribution of the patients according to the Glasgow coma scale, n (%)

GCS	n = 87	Dead, n = 22	Alive, n = 65
3-5	21 (24.2)	6 (27.3)	15 (23.1)
6-10	37 (42.5)	10 (45.4)	27 (41.5)
11-14	29 (33.3)	6 (27.3)	23 (35.4)
mean ± SD	8.5 ± 3.7	7.9 ± 3.5	8.6 ± 3.8
Median (range)	11 (3-14)	11 (3-14)	11 (3-14)

GCS: Glasgow coma scale; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 4 Distribution of the causes of non-traumatic disturbed level of consciousness, n (%)

Causes of disturbed level of consciousness	n = 87	Dead, n = 65	Alive, n = 22	P value
Neurological	16 (18.4)	15 (23.1)	1 (4.5)	0.5b
Intracranial hemorrhage	6 (7.0)	6 (9.2)	0 (0)
Stroke	7 (8.1)	6 (9.2)	1 (4.6)
Meningitis	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Status epileptics	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Metabolic	10 (11.5)	10 (15.4)	0 (0)
Hypoglycemia	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Diabetic ketoacidosis	6 (7.0)	6 (9.2)	0 (0)
Dehydration and poor oral feeding	3 (3.5)	3 (4.6)	0 (0)
Systemic infection sepsis	22(25.3)	13 (20.0)	9 (41.0)
Respiratory	21 (24.1)	14 (21.5)	7 (31.8)
COVID-19	13 (15.0)	7 (10.8)	6 (27.3)
Pneumonia	3 (3.5)	3 (4.6)	0 (0)
Respiratory failure	5 (5.8)	4 (6.2)	1 (4.5)
Organ dysfunction	8 (9.2)	7 (10.8)	1 (4.5)
Hepatic encephalopathy	4 (4.6)	3 (4.6)	1 (4.5)
Uremic encephalopathy	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Hypertensive encephalopathy	3 (3.5)	3 (4.6)	0 (0)
Cardiovascular	2 (2.3)	1 (1.5)	1 (4.5)
Cardiogenic shock	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Pulmonary edema	1 (1.1)	0 (0)	1 (4.5)
Oncological	5 (5.8)	2 (3.1)	3 (13.6)
Drug overdose	1 (1.1)	1 (1.5)	0 (0)
Unknown	2 (2.3)	2 (3.1)	0 (0)

^bP: Non-significant.

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.