Efficacy of β2-adrenergic receptor agonist combined with corticosteroid in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma

Table 1 Comparison of basic data between the two groups, n (%) (mean ± SD)

Group	Number of cases	Age (yr)	Man	Woman	Weight (kg)	Course of disease (mo)	Vitamin D consumption D (ng/mL)	Spring (n)	Summer (n)	Autumn (n)	Winter (n)
Observation group	65	7.86 ± 1.56	35 (53.85)	30 (46.15)	25.3 ± 3.18	7.6 ± 2.5	27.5 ± 5.87	15	8	14	28
Control group	65	8.36 ± 1.28	36 (55.38)	29 (44.62)	26.7 ± 3.89	6.9 ± 3.2	26.8 ± 6.21	21	10	11	23
χ2	/	1.893	0.895	0.968	0.987	0.798	1.562	2.784
P value	/	0.562	0.256	0.527	0.332	0.189	0.636	0.546

Table 2 Comparison of efficacy between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Number of cases	Obvious effect	Effective	Ineffective	Total effective efficacy rate
Control group	65	30 (46.15)	29 (44.62)	6 (9.23)	59 (90.77)
Control group	65	38 (58.46)	25 (38.46)	2 (3.08)	63 (96.92)a
χ2					9.562
P value					0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs control group.

Table 3 Comparison of clinical cough score between the two groups

Clinical cough score	Pre-treatment		t	P value	Post-treatment		t	P value
	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)			Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)
Cough score	2.06 ± 1.22	2.26 ± 1.63	1.067	0.287	0.56 ± 0.54a	0.97 ± 0.47	3.785	0.001
Nighttime coughs	3.16 ± 2.01	3.28 ± 1.06	1.892	0.092	1.03 ± 0.25a	2.89 ± 0.98	7.894	0.012

^aP < 0.05 vs before treatment.

Table 4 Comparison of pulmonary function between the two groups

Pulmonary unction index	Pre-treatment		t	P value	Post-treatment		t	P value
	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)			Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)
MVV (L/min)	4.26 ± 0.22	4.32 ± 0.63	1.956	0.643	7.36 ± 1.54a	5.97 ± 1.47	4.278	0.003
FEV1 (L)	1.16 ± 0.21	1.28 ± 0.66	1.537	0.291	3.43 ± 1.25a	1.89 ± 0.98	2.089	0.014
FEV1/FVC (%)	64.6 ± 5.34	65.4 ± 4.65	0.958	0.452	79.8 ± 5.56a	73.8 ± 5.06	2.563	0.013
PEF (L/s)	2.23 ± 0.56	2.08 ± 0.58	1.071	0.749	3.56 ± 0.78a	3.05 ± 0.54	2.417	0.021

^aP < 0.05 vs before and after intervention in the same group.

MVV: Maximal voluntary ventilation; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; PEF: Peak expiratory flow.

Table 5 Comparison of inflammatory response between the two groups before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Inflammatory response index	Pre-treatment		t	P value	Post-treatment		t	P value
	Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)			Observation group (n = 65)	Control group (n = 65)
IL-6 (ng/L)	25.78 ± 5.18	25.32 ± 4.63	2.132	0.097	20.36 ± 4.54b	21.9 ± 5.47	1.891	0.012
IL-4 (ng/L)	24.6 ± 4.34	23.4 ± 3.65	1.267	0.258	20.8 ± 5.56b	22.8 ± 5.06	1.673	0.018
TNF-α (μg/L)	1.27 ± 0.32	1.28 ± 0.63	1.879	0.784	0.43 ± 0.25b	0.89 ± 0.48	2.693	0.014

^bP < 0.05 vs compare before and after intervention in the same group

IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-4: Interleukin-4; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Table 6 Comparison of T-lymphocytes count between the two groups before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Group	CD3+ (%)		t	P value	CD4+ (%)		t	P value	CD8+ (%)		t	P value
	Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment			Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment			Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment
Observation group (n = 65)	44.6 ± 6.34	67.4 ± 4.65	-8.25	0.008	29.8 ± 5.56	42.8 ± 5.06	-9.78	0.011	33.2 ± 5.21	25.6 ± 4.89	10.6	0.012
Control group (n = 65)	44.7 ± 7.32	58.8 ± 5.63	-2.67	0.004	28.3 ± 5.25	38.9 ± 7.48	-8.96	0.012	32.7 ± 6.18	28.5 ± 5.12	9.78	0.023
t	1.785	2.165			0.895	2.418			0.794	0.947
P value	0.562	0.024			0.732	0.002			0.001	0.003

Table 7 Comparison of immunoglobulin levels between the two groups before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Group	IgA (g/L)		t	P value	IgM (g/L)		t	P value
	Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment			Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment
Observation group (n = 65)	1.26 ± 0.34	1.84 ± 0.65	-7.23	0.012	9.08 ± 1.56	11.8 ± 1.06	-6.98	0.021
Control group (n = 65)	1.27 ± 0.32	1.48 ± 0.63	-9.67	0.007	9.03 ± 1.25	10.9 ± 1.48	-9.56	0.032
t	0.765	6.165			0.655	2.418
P value	0.724	0.014			0.751	0.012

IgA: Immunoglobulin A; IgM: Immunoglobulin M.

Table 8 Comparison of airway anatomical index between the two groups before and after treatment (mean ± SD)

Group	Airway wall thickness(mm2)		t	P value	Total airway wall area(mm2)		t	P value
	Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment			Pre-treatment Post-treatment	Post-treatment Post-treatment
Observation group (n = 65)	2.16 ± 0.46	0.84 ± 0.65	8.26	0.014	7.08 ± 0.56	3.28 ± 1.26	10.98	0.011
Control group (n = 65)	2.27 ± 0.22	1.98 ± 0.43	7.64	0.005	7.03 ± 0.25	4.39 ± 1.68	11.56	0.006
t	1.762	8.135			0.398	4.468
P value	0.425	0.016			0.216	0.016