Delayed diagnosis of abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children: A case report

Table 1 Summary of delayed abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura in pediatric patients, %

Ref.	Calvo-Río et al[5]	Ji[19]	Chao et al[9]	Calviño et al[11]	Rubino et al[16]
Number	417	218	208	78	118
Sex (male/female)	240/177	140/88	116/92	42/36	66/52
Age (mo, yr)	8 mo-87 yr	2 yr 4 mo-13 yr	9 mo-15 yr	1 yr-13 yr	1 yr-17 yr
Median age	7.5 ry	-	6.4 yr	5.5 yr	7 yr
Etiologic factor	-	-	-	-	-
Infections	38	53	-	28	-
Drug intake	18.50	-	-	18.00	-
Allergy	-	21.10	-	-	-
Abdominal pain as initial manifestation	13.70	16.00	58.00	16.70	-
Time between abdominal pain and purpura (d)	6-15 d	1-12 d	1-13 d	1-10 d	-
Median d	10	-	4.8	3.3 d	-
Use of glucocorticoid	-	-	7.5 ± 2.8	-	-
No use of glucocorticoid	-	-	10.2 ± 3.6	-	-
Leukocytosis was present	36.7	46.8	47.5	52.6	-
Anemia	8.9	11.5	10.5	7.7	10
ESR was present	80.1	16.5	-	63.9	40
Increased IgA serum	31.7	-	-	57.1	27
ANCAs	0	-	-	-	-
Stool occult blood	-	16.10%	52/160 positive	12 positive cases	30 positive cases
CT or X-ray	-	-	42/82 positive		18/21 positive
Gastroscopy	-	-	15/27 positive	2/2 positive	3/5 positive
Treatment	-	-	-	-	-
Corticosteroids	35	90	99.50	23.10	68
Cytotoxic drugs	5	Use for some patients with renal impairment (87 patients)	-	Use for two children due to severe renal impairment	Use for one chid for steroid resistance
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	14	-	-	-	43
Dialysis	1	-	-	-	-
Outcome		-	-	-	-
Complete resolution	83.20	-	-	88.40	-
		-	-	-	100
Persistent nephropathy (renal sequelae)	7.70	-	-	11.60	-
Reoccurrence	31.90	-	10.10	14.50	21.00

ANCAs: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; CT: Computed tomography; ESR: Electron spin resonance; IgA: Immunoglobulin A.