Efficacy of anlotinib combined with radioiodine to treat scalp metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 List of case reports about scalp metastasis of thyroid cancer published during the last decade

Gender	Age	Type	Time of diagnosis	Metastasis	Treatment	Ref.
Female	51	Follicular	Before thyroid cancer	Lung, bone	Surgery, I-131	[15]
Female	64	Papillary	After medical history of total thyroidectomy	Lung, liver	Excisional biopsy I-131	[16]
Female	37	Follicular	Before thyroid cancer	Lung, bone, cranium	Resection, I-131, post-operative TKI	[17]
Female	60	Follicular	Before thyroid cancer	No	Surgery	[18]
Female	70	Follicular	Before thyroid cancer	Lung	Surgery, I-131	[19]
Female	75	Follicular	1 year after thyroidectomy	Lung	Surgery, I-131	[20]
Male	65	Papillary	Before thyroid cancer	Vertebral and iliac lesions	Shave biopsy, I-131, post-operative sorafenib	[21]
Female	49	Follicular	4 years after thyroidectomy	No	Surgery, I-131	[22]

TKI: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Table 2 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatments of thyroid cancer

Medication	Target	Indication	Ref.
Vandetanib	RET-tyrosine kinase, VEGFR and EGFR	Unresectable locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer	[24]
Cabozantinib	c-Met- tyrosine kinase, VEGFR 2, RET-tyrosine kinase, AXL	RAIR locally advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer after VEGFR-targeted therapy	[25]
Sorafenib	VEGFR 1-3, PDGFR and RAF and RET-kinases	Metastatic RAIR thyroid cancer	[26]
Lenvatinib	VEGFRs 1-3, FGFRs 1- 4, PDGFR-α, RET and KIT signaling	RAIR thyroid cancer	[27]

AXL: Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO; FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptor; PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; RAIR: Radioactive iodine-refractory; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.