Medicinal cannabis products for the treatment of acute pain

Table 1 Synthesis of a selection of the preclinical studies published on acute pain treatment in preclinical studies

Ref.	Animal	Cannabinoid	Model	Outcome(s)	Assessment
Conti et al[20], 2002	Wistar rats	Nabilone	Cg-Induced AI	PWL	1, 2, 3, 10 h
Rock et al[21], 2018	Sprague-Dawley rats	CBDA, THC	Cg-Induced AI	PWL	0.5, 1, 3, 6 h
Baron-Flores et al[23], 2022	Wistar rats	CBD	Traumatic SCI	LP & GSH	15 d

Cg: Carrageenan; AI: Acute inflammation; PWL: Paw withdrawal latency; CBD: Cannabidiol; CBDA: Cannabidiolic acid; THC: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; SCI: Spinal cord injury; LP: Lipid peroxidation; GSH: Glutathione concentration.

Table 2 Synthesis of a selection of studies published on acute pain treatment in healthy subjects

Ref.	Number	Cannabinoid (dose)	Model(s)	Outcome(s)	Assessment
Kraft et al[24], 2008	18	THC 20 (mg PO)	Sunburn; Capsaicin ID	Heat and electrical thresholds	1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 h
Schindler et al[25], 2020	11	THC (0.01 mg/Kg or 0.03 mg/Kg IV)	Capsaicin ID	VAS; HA; Heat and electrical thresholds	0.3; 2 h
Schneider et al[26], 2022	20	CBD (800-mg PO)	IES	NRS; vFF; DCS	0, 1, 2.1 h
Dieterle et al[27], 2022	24	CBD (1600-mg PO)	IES	NRS; HA; AA	1 h

THC: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; PO: Per os; ID: Intradermally; IV: intravenous; VAS: Visual analogue scale; HA: Hyperalgesia Area (cmq); CBD: Cannabidiol; IES: Intradermal electrical stimulation; NRS: Numeric rating scale; vFF: von Frey filament; DCS: Dry cotton swab; AA: Allodynia area (cmq).

Table 3 Synthesis of a selection of studies published on acute pain treatment

Ref.	Patient number	Cannabinoid (dose)	Participants	Conclusion
Beaulieu[28], 2006	41	Nabilone (1 or 2 mg PO)	Major surgery	Pain higher in 2 mg group
Ostenfeld et al[29], 2011	123	GW842166 100 and 800 mg	Extractive surgery	Not superiority to placebo
Bebee et al[30], 2021	100	CBD (400 mg)	LBP	Not superiority to placebo

PO: Per os; CBD: Cannabidiol; LBP: Low back pain.