Prognostic factors for disease-free survival in postoperative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and construction of a nomogram model

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the 344 patients, n (%)

Characteristics	Median (25th–75th percentile)
Gender
Male	279 (81.10)
Female	65 (18.90)
Age (yr)
≥ 70	46 (13.37)
< 70	298 (86.63)
Smoking history
Yes	151 (43.90)
No	193 (56.10)
Alcohol consumption history
Yes	133 (38.66)
No	211 (61.34)
History of hepatitis B
Yes	86 (25.00)
No	258 (75.00)
Hypertension
Yes	80 (23.26)
No	264 (76.74)
Diabetes
Yes	41 (11.92)
No	303 (88.08)
BMI
< 18.5	26 (7.56)
≥ 18.5, < 23	160 (46.51)
≥ 23	158 (45.93)
Liver cirrhosis
Yes	256 (74.42)
No	88 (25.58)
Ascites
Yes	44 (12.79)
No	300 (87.21)
Cancer nodules
Single	299 (86.92)
Multiple	45 (13.08)
Capsule
Yes	290 (84.30)
No	54 (15.70)
Tumor diameter
≥ 5 cm	163 (47.38)
< 5 cm	181 (52.62)
Differentiation grade
Low	85 (24.71)
Moderate and High	259 (75.29)
TNM stage
I	262 (76.16)
II	38 (11.05)
III	40 (11.63)
IV	4 (1.16)
Portal vein thrombus
Yes	13 (3.78)
No	331 (96.22)
HBsAg
Positive	268 (77.91)
Negative	76 (22.09)
Surgical method
Proximal stomach	86 (25.00)
Full stomach	258 (75.00)
5-year survival
Yes	162 (47.09)
No	182 (52.91)
Prothrombin time (s)	13.80 (13.30-14.50)
Fibrinogen (g/L)	2.91 (2.41-3.54)
ALB (g/L)	40.45 (37.23-43.78)
TBIL (μmol/L)	10.00 (8.00-15.00)
TC (mmol/L)	4.35 (3.62-4.86)
ALT (U/L)	34.50 (24.00-49.00)
AST (U/L)	36.00 (27.00-52.00)
GGT (U/L)	55.50 (34.00-122.75)
NLR	2.19 (1.64-3.31)
PLR	97.67 (72.10-138.17)

BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin-bilirubin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; TC: Total cholesterol; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of different factors associated with disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Characteristics	HR value (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Male	1.00 (reference)
Female	0.840 (0.574, 1.230)	0.371
Age (yr)
< 70	1.00 (reference)
≥ 70	0.577 (0.350, 0.951)	0.031a
Smoking history
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.031 (0.770, 1.381)	0.839
Alcohol use history
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	0.813 (0.601, 1.101)	0.182
History of hepatitis B
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.392 (1.008, 1.921)	0.044a
Hypertension
Yes	1.00 (reference)
No	0.684 (0.471, 0.993)	0.046a
Diabetes
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	0.816 (0.513, 1.298)	0.390
BMI
≥ 23	1.00 (reference)
< 23	0.912 (0.682, 1.221)	0.537
Liver cirrhosis
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.321 (0.930, 1.876)	0.120
Ascites
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.172 (0.774, 1.776)	0.453
Cancer nodules
Single	1.00 (reference)
Multiple	1.668 (1.140, 2.497)	0.013a
Capsule
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.349 (0.925, 1.966)	0.120
Tumor diameter (cm)
< 5	1.00 (reference)
≥ 5	1.350 (1.010, 1.804)	0.043a
Differentiation grade		0.124
Moderate and High	1.00 (reference)
Low	1.291 (0.932, 1.787)	0.124
TNM stage
I-II	1.00 (reference)
III-IV	1.692 (1.224, 2.340)	0.001a
Portal vein thrombus
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	2.862 (1.508, 5.432)	0.001a
HBsAg
Negative	1.00 (reference)
Positive	1.107 (0.774, 1.582)	0.579
AFP (ng/mL)
≥ 400	1.00 (reference)
< 400	0.958 (0.683, 1.345)	0.805
Fibrinogen (g/L)
≤ 4	1.00 (reference)
> 4	1.494 (1.037, 2.152)	0.031a
Prothrombin time
Abnormal	1.00 (reference)
Normal	0.836 (0.565, 1.236)	0.369
ALB (g/L)
< 40	1.00 (reference)
≥ 40	0.988 (0.746, 1.335)	0.457
TBIL (μmol/L)
≤ 20.5	1.00 (reference)
> 20.5	1.180 (0.762, 1.827)	0.457
TC (mmol/L)
≤ 5.2	1.00 (reference)
> 5.2	1.401 (0.980, 2.003)	0.065
ALT (U/L)
≤ 50	1.00 (reference)
> 50	1.049 (0.743, 1.481)	0.786
AST (U/L)
≤ 40	1.00 (reference)
> 40	1.055 (0.785, 1.416)	0.724
GTT (U/L)
≤ 60	1.00 (reference)
> 60	1.279 (0.957, 1.709)	0.097
NLR		0.938
< 2.19	1.00 (reference)
≥ 2.19	0.988 (0.740, 1.321)	0.938
PLR
< 97.67	1.00 (reference)
≥ 97.67	0.956 (0.715, 1.277)	0.759

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin-bilirubin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; TC: Total cholesterol; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of different factors associated with disease-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Characteristics	HR value (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)
< 70	1.00 (reference)
≥ 70	0.543 (0.328, 0.898)	0.017a
History of hepatitis B
Yes	1.00 (reference)
No	0.654 (0.472, 0.907)	0.011a
Hypertension
Yes	1.00 (reference)
No	0.754 (0.510, 1.114)	0.156
Cancer nodules (Single/ Multiple)
Single	1.00 (reference)
Multiple	1.009 (0.579, 1.757)	0.975
Tumor diameter (cm)
< 5	1.00 (reference)
≥ 5	1.125 (0.817, 1.548)	0.471
TNM stage
III-IV	1.00 (reference)
I-II	0.585 (0.423, 0.810)	0.001a
Portal vein thrombus
No	1.00 (reference)
Yes	1.784 (0.885, 3.597)	0.106
Fibrinogen (> 4 g/L/≤ 4 g/L)
≤ 4 g/L	1.00 (reference)
> 4 g/L	1.304 (0.872, 1.951)	0.196

^aP < 0.05.

TNM: Tumor node metastasis.