Role of carbon nanotracers in lymph node dissection of advanced gastric cancer and the selection of preoperative labeling time

Table 1 Lymphnodes dissection extent in laparoscopic total gastrectomy

Lymphnodes dissection extent	Lymphadenectomy
LTG
D1	No. 1-7
D2	D1 + No. 8a, 9, 10, 11p, 11d, 12a
LSG
D1	No. 1, 3, 4sb, 4d, 5, 6, 7
D2	D1 + No. 8a, 9, 11p, 12a

For tumors invading the esophagus, D2 includes No. 19, 20, 110 and 111. LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.

Table 2 Basic information of 307 patients

Basic information	Control group		Experimental group		P value
	LTG	LSG	LTG	LSG
Number of cases	77	50	99	81
Gender					> 0.05
Male	44	27	49	45
Female	33	23	50	36
Age, yr	60 ± 17		64 ± 18		> 0.05
Pathological types					> 0.05
Highly differentiated adenocarcinoma	14	10	14	12
Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma	23	13	30	25
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma	29	19	45	40
Other types	11	8	10	4
T stage					> 0.05
1	10	10	6	4
2	20	11	33	27
3	37	22	44	39
4	10	7	16	11
N stage					> 0.05
1	15	6	22	13
2	29	20	40	30
3	33	24	37	38
CEA					> 0.05
Normal	44	20	42	32
Increased	33	30	57	49
CA199					> 0.05
Normal	43	24	50	34
Increase	34	26	49	47
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	71.13 ± 21.33	90.70 ± 31.77	61.53 ± 20.38	75.69 ± 20.18	< 0.05
Complication	3	0	2	2	> 0.05
Postoperative bleeding	2	0	0	0
Anastomotic fistula	1	0	1	2
Obstruction	0	0	1	0
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	6.55 ± 4.63	7.23 ± 4.51	6.54 ± 4.16	7.21 ± 4.32	> 0.05

LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.

Table 3 Difference in the number of dissected D1 lymph nodes in laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy

	Cases	Dissected lymph nodes of D1 station	Average	Statistic difference
				T	P value
LTG
Experimental group	99	2088	19.65 ± 3.08	3.066	0.003
Control group	77	1590	21.09 ± 3.08
LSG
Experimental group	81	1622	20.02 ± 2.69	1.700	0.091
Control group	50	965	19.30 ± 1.72

LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.

Table 4 Difference in the number of dissected D2 lymph nodes in laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy

	Cases	Dissected lymph nodes of D2 station	Average	Statistic difference
				T	P value
LTG
Experimental group	99	1372	13.85 ± 2.26	5.059	0.000
Control group	77	943	12.25 ± 2.06
LSG
Experimental group	81	1023	12.63 ± 2.22	2.855	0.005
Control group	50	579	11.58 ± 1.73

LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.

Table 5 Differences in the number of D1 lymph nodes dissected and the number of black stains at different preoperative labeling times in laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy

	Labeling time (d)	Cases	Average number of dissected lymph nodes	Average number of black staining lymph nodes
LTG	0	30	18.87 ± 2.78	11.30 ± 2.42
	1	36	21.86 ± 2.39	14.00 ± 2.29
	2	33	22.27 ± 2.93	14.36 ± 2.45
	P		0.000	0.000
	F		14.385	14.946
LSG	0	16	18.19 ± 2.01	8.15 ± 1.65
	1	34	21.03 ± 3.00	10.82 ± 2.55
	2	31	19.87 ± 1.98	10.81 ± 1.94
	P		0.002	0.000
	F		7.075	9.500

LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.

Table 6 Differences in the number of D2 lymph nodes dissected and the number of black stains at different preoperative labeling times in laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy

	Labeling time (d)	Cases	Average number of dissected lymph nodes	Average number of black staining lymph nodes
LTG	30	12.27 ± 2.46	3.07 ± 1.09	30
	36	14.47 ± 1.64	4.14 ± 1.46	36
	33	14.64 ± 1.88	4.45 ± 1.28	33
		0.000	0.000
		13.262	9.522
LSG	0	16	11.50 ± 2.12	2.75 ± 1.15
	1	34	12.53 ± 2.39	4.74 ± 1.85
	2	31	13.32 ± 1.71	4.42 ± 1.64
	P		0.024	0.001
	F		3.891	7.906

LTG: Laparoscopic total gastrectomy; LSG: Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy.