Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with presumed diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Table 1 Comparison of pre-coronavirus disease 2019 era and coronavirus disease 2019 groups in terms of categorical variables

Parameters	Pre-COVID-19, n = 154	COVID-19, n = 223	OR (95 %CI)	P value
Sex			NS	0.140
Male	85 (55.2)	140 (62.8)
Female	69 (44.8)	83 (37.2)
Surgery time			NS	0.160
Daytime	75 (48.7)	125 (56.1)
Nighttime	79 (51.3)	98 (43.9)
Surgery time			1.8 (1.1-2.9)	0.018
Weekdays	122 (79.2)	152 (68.2)
Weekend	32 (20.8)	71 (31.8)
US findings, n = 343			15.4 (4.6-52.6)	< 0.001
AAp (+)	120 (80.5)	191 (98.5)
AAp (-)	29 (19.5)	3 (1.5)
Histopathological findings			2.6 (1.4-5.1)	0.003
AAp (+)	128 (83.1)	207 (92.8)
AAp (-)	26 (16.9)	16 (7.2)
Appendiceal perforation			2.2 (1.3-3.9)	0.004
Yes	21 (13.6)	58 (26.0)
No	133 (86.4)	165 (74.0)
Type of surgery			1.5 (1.0-2.4)	0.046
Open appendectomy	63 (40.9)	69 (30.9)
Lap appendectomy	91 (59.1)	154 (69.1)
Postoperative antibiotics use			NS	0.596
Yes	14 (9.1)	24 (10.8)
No	140 (90.9)	199 (89.2)
Histopathological features
AAp (+)	105	145
AAp (+), granulomatous	0	1
AAp (+), diverticulitis	0	1
AAp (+), hyperplastic polyps	0	1
AAp (+), serrated adenoma	0	1
AAp (+), perforated	21	56
AAp (+), perforated (NET)	0	1
AAp (+), perforated1	0	1
AAp (+), LAMN	2	0
AAp (-), cystic adenocarcinoma	1	0
AAp (-), mucinous adenocarcinoma	0	1
AAp (-), fibrous obliteration	8	4
AAp (-), lymphoid hyperplasia	15	6
AAp (-), LAMN	0	1
AAp (-), NET	0	1
AAp (-), diverticulosis	0	1
AAp (-), appendix vermiform	2	2

¹Perforated AAp + endometriosis + Crohn’s disease.

AAp: Acute appendicitis; CI: Confidence interval; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; LAMN: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; NS: Not significance; OR: Odds ratio; US: Ultrasound.

Table 2 Comparison of pre-coronavirus disease 2019 era and coronavirus disease 2019 groups in terms of continuous variables

Parameters	Pre-COVID-19, n = 154		COVID-19, n = 223		P value
	Median (IQR)	95%CI	Median (IQR)	95%CI
Age	35 (22)	30-38	36 (28)	33-39	0.347
WBC	12.5 (6.3)	11.7-13.1	12.7 (5.9)	11.9-13.4	0.798
Neutrophil	9.7 (5.7)	8.7-10.7	9.5 (5.9)	8.9-10.3	0.659
Lymphocyte	1.8 (1.3)	1.5-2.0	1.7 (1.1)	1.50-1.80	0.500
PLT	238 (94)	224-256	242 (108)	231-254	0.682
PCT	0.24 (0.1)	0.20-0.30	0.25 (0.1)	0.24-0.26	0.545
RDW	13 (1.6)	12.8-13.2	13 (1.4)	12.9-13.2	0.746
PDW	11.5 (2.5)	11.1-12.0	11.5 (2.5)	11.2-11.9	0.795
MCH	28.7 (3.1)	28.2-29.0	29 (2.8)	28.7-29.2	0.376
MPV	10.2 (1.3)	10.0-10.4	10.2 (1.3)	10.1-10.3	0.601
MCV	84 (5.5)	83.5-85.1	84 (6.7)	83.4-85.1	0.725
TBil	0.76 (0.7)	0.64-0.88	0.78 (0.7)	0.70-0.87	0.444
CRP	1.8 (6.3)	1.11-3.33	2.0 (7.0)	1.43-3.31	0.379
NLR	5.2 (7.2)	4.7-6.6	5.8 (6.9)	5.10-6.40	0.584
PLR	139 (100)	127-154	137 (87)	131-151	0.947
PNR	25 (21)	22.7-28.2	24 (19)	21.6-27.4	0.462
WLR	6.9 (7.6)	6.20-8.10	7 .3 (7.6)	6.60-8.10	0.697
WNR	1.3 (0.3)	1.30-1.40	1.3 (0.2)	1.30-1.30	0.731
Appendix length	60 (24)	60-65	60 (20)	60-65	0.633
Appendix width	9 (5)	8-10	11 (7)	10-12	< 0.001
Hospital stay	2 (2)	2.0-2.0	2 (3)	2.0-2.0	0.003
Time to admission (h)	24 (33)	17-48	36 (60)	18-48	0.348

CI: Confidence interval; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CRP: C-reactive protein; IQR: Interquartile range; MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; MPV: Mean platelet volume; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PCT: Plateletcrit; PDW: Platelet distribution width; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; PLT: Platelets; PNR: Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio; RDW: Red cell distribution width; TBil: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell; WLR: White cell lymphocyte ratio; WNR: White cell neutrophil ratio.