Clinical efficacy analysis of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Table 1 Clinical studies

Ref.	Age	No. of patients (control)	Regimens (per arm)	Regimens (cell number) dose	Cells infusion	Clinical trial registry	Locations
Leng et al[19]	59.4 ± 10.7	10 (3)	ACE2-MSCs	1 × 106/kg	Intravenous	ChiCTR2000029990	Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
Tang et al[20]	37-71	2	MSC (menstrual blood-derived)	1 × 106/kg	Intravenous	ChiCTR2000029606	Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
Chen et al[21]		25	MSCs	1 × 106/kg	Injection		Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing
Meng et al[22]	47.3 ± 10.3	18	UC-MSCs	3 × 107/time	Intravenous	Phase 1 clinical trial	The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital China
Shu et al[15]	58.78 ± 16.26	41 (29)	UC-MSCs			ChiCTR2000031494 (Randomized )	The Second AffiliatedHospital of Nanjing Medical University
Feng et al[23]	61.75 ± 10.02	16	UC-MSCs			Pilot study (NCT 04269525)	Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan, Hubei
Guo et al[24]	70	31	UC-MSCs				Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University Chongqing
Sánchez-Guijo et al[25]	60.31 ± 7.8	13	AT-MSC	0.98 × 106/kg	Intravenous	Proof-of-concept study	Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
Lanzoni et al[16]	58.58 ± 15.93, 58.83 ± 11.61	24 (12)	UC-MSCs	100 ± 20 × 106	Intravenous	Double-blind, phase 1/2a, randomized controlled trial	University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
Shi et al[17]	60.72 ± 59.94	100 (35)	UC-MSC	4.0 × 107	Infusion	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial (NCT04288102)	The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
Feng et al[18]	51	28 (20)	UC-MSCs	2 × 106/kg	intravenous	No. ChiCTR2000031494 (Randomized )	The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Adas et al[26]	40-60	30 (20)	UC-MSCs (WJ-MSC)	3 × 106/kg	intravenous infusion	NCT04392778	Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
O Ercelen et al[27]	23-81	210	UC-MSCs	1-2 × 106/kg	intravenously		Haliç University, İstanbul, Turkey

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells; AT-MSC: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; WJ-MSC: Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Table 2 Published case reports

Ref.	Age	No. of patients (control)	Regimens (per arm)	Regimens (cell number) dose	Cells infusion	Clinical trial registry	Locations
Zengin et al[28]	72	1	UC-MSCs	0.7 × 106 cells/kg, 0.3 × 106 cells/kg	Intravenous, intratracheal		Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine Turkey
Zhang et al[29]	54	1	UC-MSCs (hWJCs)		Intravenous	SH201900594 and SH201900597	Liaocheng People’s Hospital, China
Liang et al[30]	65	1	UC-MSCs	5 × 107/time	Intravenous		Peking University ShenzhenHospital, Shenzhen
Soler Rich et al[31]		1	MSCs (bone marrow)	1 × 106/kg	Intravenous		Spain
Peng et al[32]	66	1	UC-MSCs + CP	1 × 106/kg	Intravenous		Loudi Central Hospital, Hunan
Yilmaz et al[33]	51	1	UC-MSCs (WJ-MSCs)	3 × 106/kg	Intravenous,systemically and intrathecally		Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
Zhu et al[34]	48	1	UC-MSCs	1 × 106/kg	Injection	Cell product: 2004L04792, 2006L01037, CXSB1900004	School of Basic Medicine PekingUnion Medical College, Beijing
Tao et al[35]	72	1	UCB-MSCs				Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hWJCs: Human Wharton's Jelly cells; CP: Convalescent plasma; UCB-MSC: Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells; WJ-MSC: Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells.