Different squatting positions after total knee arthroplasty: A retrospective study

Table 1 Patient details (mean ± SD)

Variation	Half squat	Parallel squat	Deep squat	P value
Patients n	26	75	53
Gender, n (%)
Male	3 (11.5)	20 (26.7)	12 (22.6)
Female	23 (88.5)	55 (73.3)	41 (77.4)
Age (yr)	62.5 ± 11.4	61.6 ± 8.5	60.6 ± 6.9
Height (cm)	160.7 ± 6.8	160.7 ± 7.2	161.9 ± 7.5
Weight (kg)	67.3 ± 9.4	68.7 ± 10.4	67.9 ± 11.3
BMI (kg/m2)	25.9 ± 2.6	26.6 ± 3.6	25.8 ± 3.4
Side, n (%)
Unilateral	14 (53.8)	40 (53.3)	26 (49.1)
Bilateral	12 (46.2)	35 (46.7)	27 (50.9)
High-flexion TKA, n (%)	23 (88.5)	63 (84)	51 (96.2)
Patellar resurfacing, n (%)	22 (84.6)	56 (74.7)	40 (75.5)
Follow-up (months), median (Q1-Q3)	6 (6-60)	8 (6-120)	12 (6-156)
Pre-op knee flexion	76.8 ± 8.3	86.8 ± 9.3	105.4 ± 8.4
Mean stool frequency (every 3 d)	1.8 (0-5)	2.6 (1-5)	3.5 (1-6)
Satisfaction rate (%)	65.4	80	96.2
KSS (Post-TKA)	76 ± 4.9	76.3 ± 6.8	79.2 ± 8.2	> 0.05
HSS (Post-TKA)	79 ± 5.8	78.6 ± 6.3	80.6 ± 6.6	> 0.05

BMI: Body mass index; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; KSS: American Knee Society score; HSS: Hospital for Special Surgery score.

Table 2 Results of range of motion measurement in the three squatting positions (mean ± SD)

Variation	Half squat	Parallel squat	Deep squat	P value
Hip flexion (°)	138.9 ± 12.2a,b	145.2 ± 10.5a,c	149.9 ± 10.3b,c	< 0.001
Knee flexion (°)	99.0 ± 6.4a,b	116.5 ± 8.1a,c	132.5 ± 9.3b,c	< 0.001
Ankle dorsiflexion (°)	13.3 ± 7.9a,b	20.5 ± 8.7a,c	25.1 ± 9.6b,c	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 Half squat vs Parallel squat.

^bP < 0.05 Half squat vs Deep squat.

^cP < 0.05 Parallel squat vs Deep squat.