Short- (30-90 days) and mid-term (1-3 years) outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing surgical treatments

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients (n = 307)

Characteristics	Median (range) / n (%)
Age (yr)	64 (44, 79)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.2 (14.9, 31.6)
Disease course (months)	2 (0.1, 36)
Sex (male)	195 (63.5%)
Smoking	95 (30.9%)
Drinking	20 (6.5%)
Family history of esophagus cancer	22 (7.2%)
Hypertension	112 (36.5%)
Diabetes	21 (6.8%)
Coronary heart disease	16 (5.2%)
ASA stage
II	233 (75.9%)
III	73 (23.8%)
IV	1 (0.3%)
Hemoglobin (g/L)	141 (80, 180.4)
MCV (fl)	93.6 (71.1, 134.1)
Platelets (× 109/L)	213 (60.3, 445.9)
Lymphocytes (× 109/L)	1.56 (0.07, 7.42)
Monocytes (× 109/L)	0.36 (0.05, 1.01)
Neutrophils (× 109/L)	3.63 (1.15, 12.94)
PT (s)	13.8 (11.4, 31.9)
APTT (s)	31.4 (10.6, 51.7)
Fibrinogen (g/L)	3.79 (1.95, 6.3)
D-dimer (ng/mL)	130 (14, 3354)
Total protein (g/L)	71 (3.32, 88.1)
Albumin (g/L)	42.1 (26.1, 63.5)
Creatinine (µmol/L)	63 (36, 187)
Hematocrit (%)	46.6 (28.2, 64.5)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT; Activated partial thromboplastin time.

Table 2 Treatment related information (n = 307)

Variables	Median (range) / n (%)
Tumor location
Upper	15 (4.9%)
Middle to upper	21 (6.8%)
Middle	171 (55.7%)
Middle to lower	43 (14.0%)
Lower	57 (18.6%)
Tumor diameter (cm)	3 (0, 10)
T stage
Tis	30 (9.8%)
1a	4 (1.3%)
1b	69 (22.5%)
2	75 (24.4%)
3	91 (29.6%)
4a	36 (11.7%)
4b	2 (0.7%)
N stage
0	215 (70.0%)
1	61 (19.9%)
2	28 (9.1%)
3	3 (1.0%)
G stage
0	30 (9.8%)
1	21 (6.8%)
1-2	73 (23.8%)
2	148 (48.2%)
2-3	24 (7.8%)
3	11 (3.6%)
pTNM
0	30 (9.8%)
I	108 (35.2%)
II	71 (23.1%)
III	87 (28.3%)
IVA	11 (3.6%)
Pathological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	268 (87.3%)
Intraepithelial neoplasia	30 (9.8%)
Adenocarcinoma	8 (2.6%)
Signet-ring cell carcinoma	1 (0.3%)
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy	51 (16.6%)
Surgery
Mediastinoscopy/ laparoscopy/thoracoscopy	258 (84.0%)
Thoracotomy/laparotomy	27 (8.8%)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection	22 (7.2%)
Resection
R0	304 (99.0%)
R1	3 (1.0%)
Operation time (min)	270 (36, 485)
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	150 (2, 1000)
Lymph node dissection	283 (92.2%)
Postoperative treatment
None	213 (69.4%)
Radiotherapy alone	7 (2.3%)
Chemotherapy alone	77 (25.1%)
Radiotherapy + chemotherapy	10 (3.3%)
Number of metastatic lymph nodes	0 (0, 8)

Table 3 Postoperative complications, recurrence, metastasis, and mortality (n = 307)

Variables	Median (range) / n (%)
Clavien-Dindo stage
None	109 (35.5%)
I	27 (8.8%)
II	121 (39.4%)
IIIa	28 (9.1%)
IIIb	4 (1.3%)
IV	4 (1.3%)
IVa	8 (2.6%)
IVb	6 (2.0%)
CCI, median (range)	20.9 (0, 96.6)
Anastomotic leakage	75 (24.4%)
Secondary operation	7 (2.3%)
Hypoalbuminemia	88 (28.7%)
Pulmonary infection	68 (22.1%)
Recurrence	11 (3.6%)
Metastasis	21 (6.8%)
In-hospital mortality	52 (16.9%)
30-day mortality	61 (19.9%)
90-day mortality	78 (25.4%)

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index.

Table 4 Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of overall survival

	Univariable			Multivariable
	HR	95%CI	P	HR	95%CI	P
Age	1.018	0.979, 1.059	0.377
Sex
Female	ref
Male	1.020	0.58, 1.796	0.945
Body mass index
< 28	ref
≥ 28	1.912	0.816, 4.478	0.136
Smoking	1.185	0.663, 2.118	0.567
Drinking	0.916	0.285, 2.942	0.882
Family history of esophagus cancer	1.372	0.545, 3.452	0.501
Hypertension	0.939	0.530, 1.663	0.829
Diabetes	1.898	0.810, 4.449	0.140
Hemoglobin	0.987	0.971, 1.004	0.125
D-dimer	1.000	0.999, 1.001	0.782
Albumin	1.004	0.945, 1.067	0.897
Creatinine	1.020	1.003, 1.036	0.020	1.016	1, 1.032	0.050
Tumor diameter	1.244	1.083, 1.429	0.002
T stage
Tis/0-2	ref			ref
3-4	2.327	1.331, 4.068	0.003	1.869	0.98, 3.564	0.058
N stage
0	ref
1-3	2.869	1.659, 4.962	< 0.001
G stage
< 2	ref
≥ 2	1.990	1.062, 3.73	0.032
pTNM stage
0/I/II	ref			ref
III/IVA	4.117	2.349, 7.213	< 0.001	4.189	2.190, 8.012	< 0.001
Pathological type
Squamous cell carcinoma	ref
Others	0.616	0.222, 1.711	0.353
Received preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy	1.157	0.592, 2.261	0.669
Operation method
ESD/endoscopy/thoracoscopy/laparoscopy	ref
Thoracotomy/laparotomy	0.867	0.312, 2.405	0.784
Lymph node dissection	3.622	0.500, 26.255	0.203
Postoperative radiotherapy and/ or chemotherapy	0.449	0.225, 0.897	0.023	0.234	0.112, 0.488	< 0.001
Number of metastatic lymph nodes	1.277	1.109, 1.471	0.001
CCI	1.029	1.014, 1.044	< 0.001	1.018	1.004, 1.032	0.011

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; CCI: Comprehensive Complication Index.