Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, wingless-related integration site, and β-catenin in clinical gastric cancer

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer sections

Groups	n
Gender
Male	101
Female	57
Age (yr)
≤ 60	97
> 60	61
Differentiation
Low	97
Moderate	52
High	9
Invasion depth (T)
T1	26
T2	20
T3	39
T4	73
Lymph node metastasis (N)
N0	65
N1	16
N2	32
N3	45
Distant metastasis (M)
M0	126
M1	32
TNM stage
Ⅰ	28
Ⅱ	38
Ⅲ	74
Ⅳ	18

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha protein in gastric tumoral tissues and para-cancerous tissues

Groups	n	HNF4α expression		Positive (%)	χ2	P value
		Negative	Positive
GC	158	13	145	91.7
PC	164	148	16	9.8	216.5	0.000

HNF4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; GC: Gastric cancer; PC: Para-cancerous.

Table 3 Expression of wingless-related integration site protein in gastric tumoral tissues and para-cancerous tissues

Groups	n	WNT5a expression			Positive (%)	χ2	P value
		Negative		Positive
GC	158	9	149		94.3
PC	164	127	37		22.6	169.8	0.000

WNT5A: Wingless-related integration site; GC: Gastric cancer; PC: Para-cancerous.

Table 4 Correlation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and wingless-related integration site expression with types of gastric carcinomas according to WHO classification

Groups	n	Grade of HNF4α expression				Grade of WNT5a expression
		+ (%)	++ (%)	+++ (%)		+ (%)	++ (%)	+++ (%)
Tubular	35	4 (11.4)	2 (5.7)		29 (82.7)b	2 (5.7)	11 (31.4)	22 (62.9)
Signet ring	59	5 (8.5)	11 (18.6)		43 (72.9)	4 (6.8)	17 (28.8)	38 (64.4)
Mucinous	64	4 (6.3)	7 (10.9)		53 (82.8)b	3 (4.7)	10 (15.6)	51 (79.7)d

^bP < 0.001 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (χ² = 83.909) vs signet ring; ^dP < 0.001 wingless-related integration site (χ² = 105.865) vs tubular and signet ring. HNF4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; WNT5A: Wingless-related integration site.

Table 5 Correlation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and wingless-related integration site expression with types of gastric carcinomas according to Lauren classification

Groups	n	Grade of HNF4α expression				Grade of WNT5a expression
		+ (%)	++ (%)	+++ (%)		+ (%)	++ (%)	+++ (%)
Intestinal	97	11 (11.3)	15 (15.5)		71 (73.2)	7 (7.2)	23 (23.7)	67 (69.1)
Diffuse	46	2 (4.4)	5 (10.9)		39 (84.8)	2 (4.4)	14 (30.4)	30 (65.2)
Mixed	15	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)		15 (100.0)b	0 (0.00)	1 (6.7)	14 (93.3)d

^bP < 0.001 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (χ² = 79.404) and ^dP < 0.001 wingless-related integration site (χ² = 80.539) vs intestinal and diffuse. HNF4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; WNT5A: Wingless-related integration site.

Table 6 Positive correlation between hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and wingless-related integration site expressions in gastric cancer

WNT5a	HNF4α expression		Total	χ2	P value
	Negative	Positive
Negative	8	1	9	1.5	> 0.05
Positive	5	144	149
Total	13	145	158

WNT5A: Wingless-related integration site; HNF4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha.

Table 7 Evaluation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and wingless-related integration site in the diagnosis of gastric cancer

	Diagnostic accurate rate	Sensitivity		Specificity	Positive predictive rate	Negative predictive rate
HNF4α	91.0		91.8	90.2	90.1	91.9
WNT5a	85.7		94.3	77.4	80.1	93.4

HNF4α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; WNT5a: Wingless-related integration site.

Table 8 Expression of β-catenin protein in gastric carcinoma and para-cancerous tissue

Groups	n	β-catenin expression		Positive (%)	χ2	P value
		Negative	Positive
GC	158	44	114	72.2
PC	164	11	153	93.3	25.394	0.000

GC: Gastric cancer; PC: Para-cancerous.