Influences of etiology and endoscopic appearance on the long-term outcomes of gastric antral vascular ectasia

Table 1 Comparison of endoscopic patterns and baseline characteristics in patients with or without cirrhosis

	Cirrhosis (n = 16)	No cirrhosis (n = 7)	P value
Endoscopic pattern of GAVE, n (%)			< 0.001
Punctate (Diffuse)	16 (100)	1 (14.3)
Stripe (Linear)	0	6 (85.7)
Age, yr, mean ± SD	55.4 ± 12.2	69.8 ± 6.1	0.015
Gender (males/females)	12/4	2/5	0.066
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD	23.4 ± 4.0	25.0 ± 4.6	0.397
Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%)
Viral	6 (37.5)
Alcohol	6 (37.5)
Autoimmune hepatitis	1 (6.3)	NA	NA
NASH	1 (6.3)
Cryptogenic	2 (12.5)
Child Pugh Score, n (%)
Class A	5 (31.3)
Class B	8 (50.0)	NA	NA
Class C	3 (18.7)
Other associated diseases, n (%)
Chronic kidney disease	2 (12.5)	5 (71.4)	0.011
SLE	0	1 (14.3)	0.304
Hypertension	3 (18.8)	2 (28.6)	0.621
Diabetes mellitus	5 (31.3)	3 (42.9)	0.657
Medication, n (%)
PPI use	6 (37.5)	3 (42.9)	1.000
Antiplatelet use	0	1 (14.3)	0.304
Anticoagulant use	0	1 (14.3)	0.304
Initial laboratory findings, mean ± SD
Hemoglobin level, g/dL	7.8 ± 3.4	6.2 ± 1.6	0.494
Platelet count, k/μL	103.9 ± 73.0	176.8 ± 62.2	0.041
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	1.74 ± 1.35	1.15 ± 1.30	0.188
Albumin, g/dL	2.52 ± 0.36	3.03 ± 0.60	0.048
INR	1.23 ± 0.27	1.09 ± 0.25	0.179
BUN, mg/dL,	23.3 ± 14.0	44.9 ± 39.1	0.416
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.12 ± 0.44	3.65 ± 2.93	0.244

BMI: Body mass index; NA: Not applicable; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory inhibitor drug; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; INR: International normalized ratio; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Table 2 Comparison of the baseline characteristics of patients with punctate or striped patterns

	Punctate (n = 17)	Stripe (n = 6)	P value
Age, yr, mean ± SD	56.1 ± 12.0	70.8 ± 6.3	0.011
Gender (males/females)	13/4	1/5	0.018
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD	23.5 ± 3.9	25.2 ± 2.6	0.612
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)	16 (94.1)	0	< 0.001
Other associated diseases, n (%)
Chronic kidney disease	2 (11.8)	5 (83.3)	0.003
SLE	0	1 (16.7)	0.261
Hypertension	3 (17.6)	2 (33.3)	0.576
Diabetes mellitus	5 (29.4)	3 (50.0)	0.621
Initial laboratory findings, mean ± SD
Hemoglobin level, g/dL	7.5 ± 3.4	6.6 ± 1.4	0.528
Platelet count, k/μL	114.5 ± 81.5	159.6 ± 51.1	0.168
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	1.88 ± 1.39	0.64 ± 0.41	0.044
Albumin, g/dL	2.51 ± 0.39	3.00 ± 0.59	0.070
INR	1.23 ± 0.26	1.08 ± 0.28	0.130
BUN, mg/dL,	22.5 ± 13.8	51.9 ± 39.9	0.130
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.07 ± 0.45	4.27 ± 2.79	0.034

BMI: Body mass index; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; INR: International normalized ratio; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.

Table 3 Comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients with or without cirrhosis

	Cirrhosis (n = 16)	No cirrhosis (n = 7)	P value
Overt bleeding, n (%)	4 (25.0)	6 (85.7)	0.019
APC treatment, n (%)	4 (25.0)	6 (85.7)	0.019
No. of admissions d/t GAVE bleeding, mean ± SD	3.00 ± 2.45	3.00 ± 2.83	NS
No. of APC sessions, mean ± SD	4.50 ± 4.95	4.80 ± 5.08	NS
Success of APC	4/4	6/6	NS
Surgery	0	0	NS
Death due to GAVE bleeding	0	0	NS
Follow-up, month, median (range)	24 (6-84)	26 (4-96)	NS

APC: Argon plasma cauterization; GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia; NS: Not significant.

Table 4 Comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients with punctate or striped patterns

	Punctate (n = 17)	Stripe (n = 6)	P value
Overt bleeding, n (%)	5 (29.4)	5 (83.3)	0.052
APC treatment, n (%)	5 (29.4)	5 (83.3)	0.052
No. of admissions d/t GAVE bleeding, mean ± SD	3.00 ± 2.83	3.00 ± 2.45	NS
No. of APC sessions, mean ± SD	4.00 ± 4.34	5.25 ± 5.44	NS
Success of APC	5/5	5/5	NS
Surgery	0	0	NS
Death due to GAVE bleeding	0	0	NS
Follow-up, month, median (range)	23 (6-84)	27 (4-96)	NS

APC: Argon plasma cauterization; GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia; NS: Not significant.