High Eckardt score and previous treatment were associated with poor postperoral endoscopic myotomy pain control: A retrospective study

Table 1 Basic characteristics according to the visual analog scale at 12 h after surgery (mean ± SD)

	Total	VAS < 4	VAS ≥ 4	P value
Sex (%)
Female	21 (46.7)	8 (38.1)	13 (54.2)	0.44
Male	24 (53.3)	13 (61.9)	11 (45.8)
Age	43.2 ± 15.7	45.0 ± 18.0	41.5 ± 13.6	0.60
Symptom duration (yr)	6.0 ± 6.3	4.1 ± 4.9	7.5 ± 7.0	0.019
Eckardt score	7.6 ± 2.1	6.7 ± 2.2	8.4 ± 1.6	0.013
Esophageal diameter (mm)	42.9 ± 10.7	39.0 ± 10.0	46.3 ± 10.4	0.022
Esophageal dilatation classification (%)
Ⅰ	20 (44.4)	13 (61.9)	7 (29.2)	0.088
Ⅱ	21 (46.7)	7 (33.3)	14 (58.3)
Ⅲ	4 (8.9)	1 (4.8)	3 (12.5)
Previous treatment (%)
No	35 (77.8)	19 (90.5)	16 (66.7)	0.078
Yes	10 (22.2)	2 (9.5)	8 (33.3)
Operative time (min)	61.3 ± 18.8	58.8 ± 16.9	63.5 ± 20.4	0.46
Anesthesia time (min)	74.1 ± 21.0	72.1 ± 17.5	75.8 ± 23.9	0.73
Tunnel length (cm)	12.7 ± 1.2	12.6 ± 0.6	12.8 ± 1.5	0.56
Myotomy length (cm)	10.7 ± 1.1	10.6 ± 0.7	10.8 ± 1.4	0.35
Distance from muscle incision ending to cardia (cm)	2.1 ± 0.3	2.0 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.4	0.22
Fentanyl dosage (ug) (%)
100	37 (82.2)	16 (76.2)	21 (87.5)	0.44
150	8 (17.8)	5 (23.8)	3 (12.5)
Remifentanil dosage (ug)	265.5 ± 90.8	264.8 ± 85.3	266.1 ± 97.2	1.0

VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of poor pain control, defined as those whose 12-h visual analog scale score was greater than 3

Parameter	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Sex	0.52 (0.16-1.71)	0.283
Age	0.99 (0.95-1.02)	0.45
Duration	1.12 (0.98-1.27)	0.091
Eckardt Score	1.64 (1.12-2.40)	0.011	1.82 (1.17-2.84)	< 0.001
Esophageal diameter	1.07 (1.01-1.14)	0.028
Esophageal dilatation classification	3.71 (1.02-13.51)	0.046
	5.57 (0.48-64.09)	0.17
Previous treatment	4.75 (0.88-25.65)	0.07	7.59 (1.12-51.23)	0.037
Operative time	1.01 (0.98-1.05)	0.40
Anesthesia time	1.01 (0.98-1.04)	0.55
Tunnel length	1.18 (0.69-2.01)	0.54
Myotomy length	1.20 (0.69-2.09)	0.52
Distance from muscle incision ending to cardia	4.00 (0.41-39.00)	0.23	1.52 (0.79-293.93)	0.072
Fentanyl dosage	0.46 (0.095-2.20)	0.33
Remifentanil dosage	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.96

Table 3 Repeated measures analysis of variance of visual analog scale and sleep scores

		F value	P value
VAS	Groups	7.33	0.0097
	Time	226.47	< 0.001
	Groups: Time	3.03	0.019
Sleep score	Groups	4.35	0.043
	Time	138.57	< 0.001
	Groups: Time	4.72	0.035

VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 4 Simple effect analysis of variance of visual analog scale and sleep scores

		F value	P value
VAS	Risk (2 h)	8.34	0.005
	Risk (6 h)	5.71	0.019
	Risk (12 h)	12.91	< 0.001
	Risk (24 h)	1.42	0.24
	Risk (36 h)	0.69	0.41
Sleep score	Risk (day 1)	8.05	0.006
	Risk (day 2)	0.80	0.375

VAS: Visual analog scale.