Priming the tooth surface with chlorhexidine and antibacterial activity of resin cement

Table 1 Overall distribution of bacteria isolated in control and test groups n (%)

Bacteria type	Control (n = 182)		Test (n = 156)		Total
	PSB	N-PSB	PSB	N-PSB
Facultative GNB	2 (1.1)	17 (9.3)	5 (3.2)	21 (13.5)	45 (13.4)
Aerobic GPB	6 (3.2)	11 (6.04)	-	20 (12.8)	37 (10.9)
Aerobic GNC	-	9 (4.9)	-	8 (5.1)	17 (5.02)
Facultative GPC	3 (1.64)	62 (34.1)	6 (3.9)	72 (46.2)	143 (42.3)
Anaerobic GNB	17 (9.3)	21 (11.5)	3 (1.9)	-	40 (11.8)
Anaerobic GPB	-	16 (8.8)	-	15 (9.6)	31 (9.2)
Anaerobic GNC	11 (6.04)	-	6 (3.9)	-	17 (5)
Anaerobic GPC	-	7 (3.8)	-	-	7 (2.1)
Totals	39	143	20	136	338

PSB: Periodontally suspected bacteria; N-PSB: Not periodontally suspected bacteria; GNB: Gram-negative bacilli; GPB: Gram-positive bacilli; GNC: Gram-negative cocci; GPC: Gram-positive cocci.

Table 2 Distribution and bacteria isolated at control and test sites at baseline, 5 and 13 wk n (%)

	Baseline		5 wk		13 wk
	Control	Test	Control	Test	Control	Test
Actinomycesnaeslundii FG+veR	3 (3.9)	-	-	-	1 (1.7)	1 (1.6)
Actinomycesviscosus FG+veR	2 (2.6)	-	-	-	1 (1.7)	1 (1.6)
Bifidobacterium spp FG+veR	4 (5.2)	3 (7.1)	2 (4)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.7)	3 (4.9)
Clostridium spp FG+veR	-	-	7 (14)	6 (11.3)	-	-
Diphtheroid bacilli AG+veR	2 (2.6)	4 (9.5)	2 (4)	2 (3.6)	3 (5.3)	1 (1.6)
Escherichia coli FG-veR	-	-	1 (2)	2 (3.6)	-	-
Eubacterium spp FG+veR1	1 (1.3)	-	-	2 (3.6)	-	-
Fusobacteriumnucleatum AnG-veR1	2 (2.6)	-	3 (6)	4 (7.5)	8 (14.2)	-
Haemophilus spp FG-veR	10 (13.1)	3 (7.1)	4 (8)	2 (3.6)	5 (8.9)	3 (4.9)
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci FG+veC	2 (2.6)	2 (4.7)	2 (4)	1 (1.8)	-	4 (6.5)
Neisserria spp AG-veC	8 (10.5)	2 (4.7)	2 (4)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.7)	-
Peptostreptococcus AnG+veC	5 (6.5)	-	-	-	-	-
Porphyromonasgingivalis AnG-veR1	-	-	-	-	2 (3.2)	-
Prevotellaintermedia AnG-veR1	1 (1.3)	1 (2.3)	1 (2)	1 (1.8)	8 (14.2)	-
Propionibacteriumgranulosum FG+veR	-	1 (2.3)	-	-	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus FG+veC	2 (2.6)	1 (2.3)	3 (6)	7 (13.2)	-	2 (3.2)
Veillonellaparvula AnG-veC1	1 (1.3)	1 (2.3)	3 (6)	1 (1.8)	10 (17.8)	1 (1.6)
Streptococci AG-veC	25 (32.8)	15 (35.7)	15 (30)	19 (35.8)	11 (19.6)	39 (63.9)
Campylobacter rectus FG-veR	6 (7.8)	4 (9.5)	3 (6)	-	4 (7.1)	2 (3.2)
Treponemadenticola AnG-veC1	1 (1.3)	2 (4.7)	1 (2)	1 (1.8)	-	-
Gemella spp FG+veC	-	-		-	-	2 (3.2)
Filifactoralocis FG+veR	1 (1.3)	3 (7.1)	1 (2)	1 (1.8)	1 (1.7)	2 (3.2)
Total (n)	76	42	50	53	56	61
P value	0.595		0.895		0.0062

¹Periodontally suspected bacteria;

²Association is significant by χ² analysis (P < 0.05). A_nG_-veC: Anaerobic gram-negative cocci; AG_-veC: Aerobic gram-negative cocci; A_nG_-veR: Anaerobic gram-negative rods; FG_-veR: Facultative gram-negative rods; A_nG_+veC: Anaerobic gram-positive cocci; FG_+veC: Facultative gram-positive cocci; FG_+veR: Anaerobic gram-positive rods; FG_+veR: Facultative gram-positive rods; AG_+veR: Aerobic gram-positive rods.

Table 3 Statistical data on the distribution of bacteria isolated in control and test groups for gram stain, atmosphere of growth, morphological properties and pathogenicity at baseline, 5 and 13 wk

Type of bacteria	Control	Test	χ2	P value
Baseline
Aerobic/facultative	55	71	4.913	0.0839
Anaerobic	45	29
Gram-positive	69	71	2.391	0.00521
Gram-negative	31	29
Cocci	72	58	2.598	0.00181
Rods	28	42
5 wk
Aerobic/facultative	60	62	0.721	0.02511
Anaerobic	40	38
Gram-positive	75	75	0.593	0.01341
Gram-negative	25	25
Cocci	65	51	0.398	0.00311
Rods	35	45
13 wk
Aerobic/facultative	43	85	5.821	0.00511
Anaerobic	57	15
Gram-positive	39	80	6.321	0.00321
Gram-negative	61	20
Cocci	38	55	7.229	0.00051
Rods	72	35

¹Association is significant by χ² analysis (P < 0.05).

Table 4 Distribution of bacteria isolated in the control group at baseline, 5 and 13 wk

Time	Bacteria (control group)			Bacteria (test group)
	Anaerobic	Gram-negative	Rod-shaped	Anaerobic	Gram-negative	Rod-shaped
Baseline	45%	31%	28%	29%	29%	42%
5 wk	40%	25%	35%	38%	25%	45%
13 wk	57%	61%	72%	15%	20%	35%
2	6.022	2.091	5.412	10.171	5.021	6.118
P value	0.089	0.0211	0.098	0.081	0.285	0.192

¹Association is significant by χ² analysis (P < 0.05).