Zhang YQ. Herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment: Neuroimaging perspectives. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(16): 118410 [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v14.i16.118410]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Yu-Qi Zhang, Researcher, Department of Geriatrics, Harbin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 270A Jianguo Street, Daoli District, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China. zhangyu-qi@outlook.com
Research Domain of This Article
Neuroimaging
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Author contributions: Zhang YQ contributed to conceptualization, literature search, data curation, writing-original draft preparation, writing-review & editing, and final approval of the version to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Corresponding author: Yu-Qi Zhang, Researcher, Department of Geriatrics, Harbin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 270A Jianguo Street, Daoli District, Harbin 150010, Heilongjiang Province, China. zhangyu-qi@outlook.com
Received: January 4, 2026 Revised: January 30, 2026 Accepted: April 20, 2026 Published online: June 6, 2026 Processing time: 142 Days and 1 Hours
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a critical preclinical stage of dementia, with 10%-15% annual progression to Alzheimer’s disease. Although conventional pharmacotherapies provide limited symptomatic relief, herbal medicines have attracted increasing interest because of their pleiotropic mechanisms, which may target neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, cerebral hypometabolism, and gut microbiota imbalance. Contemporary neuroimaging evidence, derived from preclinical animal models and a limited number of human studies, suggests that standardized herbal interventions may be associated with hippocampal volume preservation, modulation of default mode network connectivity, alternations in cerebral glucose metabolism, and changes in white matter integrity. Nevertheless, substantial challenges remain in clinical translation, including insufficient phytochemical standardization, heterogeneity in neuroimaging protocols, and a lack of robust predictive models. Future research should prioritize mechanistic studies that elucidate causal relationships between bioactive herbal compounds and neuroimaging biomarkers, while also exploring potential synergy with lifestyle interventions. This integrated approach may ultimately facilitate the development of evidence-based, disease-modifying strategies for the management of MCI.
Core Tip: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical and potentially reversible stage preceding dementia, yet current pharmacological options offer limited benefit. This review highlights herbal medicines as multi-target interventions acting on neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, cerebral metabolism, and the gut-brain axis. Importantly, converging evidence from multimodal neuroimaging, including structural magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and diffusion tensor imaging, demonstrates measurable brain structural, functional, and metabolic benefits of standardized herbal interventions. Integrating neuroimaging biomarkers with phytochemical standardization and artificial intelligence may accelerate precision, disease-modifying strategies for MCI.
Citation: Zhang YQ. Herbal medicine for mild cognitive impairment: Neuroimaging perspectives. World J Clin Cases 2026; 14(16): 118410
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia, characterized by measurable cognitive decline that does not significantly impair daily functioning[1]. Epidemiological studies indicate that MCI affects approximately 8.4%-25.2% of individuals aged 65 and older[2], with an estimated annual conversion rate of 10%-15% to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These estimates highlight the need for early intervention in this potentially reversible stage[3]. Current available pharmacological treatments for MCI, including cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), provide predominantly symptomatic relief. Their long-term effectiveness is limited, and they often cause adverse effects including gastrointestinal distress and dizziness[4-7]. These shortcomings underscore the necessity for safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. It should be noted that the strength and clinical relevance of neuroimaging evidence differ considerably across modalities. Notably, many observations from positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived from animal models rather than human clinical trials.
Traditional medical systems, including traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda, have long employed herbal remedies for the management of cognitive disorders. These interventions are characterized by multi-component and multi-target properties that may modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic plasticity[8,9]. For instance, standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761®) has demonstrated potential cognitive stabilizing effects in patients with MCI, possibly through inhibition of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and enhancement of cerebral perfusion[10,11]. Similarly, huperzine A, a naturally occurring acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has shown efficacy in improving memory performance in patients with mild-to-moderate AD[12]. Despite these promising findings, the complex composition of herbal formulations and their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood, necessitating validation using contemporary experimental and clinical approaches.
Advances in neuroimaging techniques have created new opportunities to elucidate the effects of herbal medicine in MCI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables dynamic assessment of brain network connectivity, particularly within the default mode network (DMN), which is closely implicated in cognitive decline[13-15]. PET can quantify neuronal metabolic activity or Aβ deposition, revealing herb-induced improvements in glucose utilization (e.g., ginsenoside Rg1’s enhancement of hippocampal energy metabolism)[16,17]. Additionally, DTI evaluates white matter integrity, providing insights into potential axonal protection conferred by herbal treatments[18]. These technologies offer objective biomarkers to characterize treatment effects and identify potential predictors of therapeutic response.
This mini-review synthesizes current evidence regarding the mechanisms of herbal interventions for MCI, with a particular emphasis on neuroimaging findings. By addressing methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and inconsistent imaging protocols, we highlight future research directions, including standardized herbal extraction, multimodal neuroimaging, and artificial intelligence-driven analysis. Such an integrated approach may pave the way for novel early intervention strategies in MCI.
This narrative review synthesizes findings from a structured literature search conducted up to March 2025 across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Cochrane Library. Search terms included “mild cognitive impairment”, “herbal medicine”, “traditional medicine”, “neuroimaging”, and relevant neuroimaging modalities [e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET, DTI], along with their Chinese equivalents. Eligible studies were required to investigate herbal interventions for MCI or relevant animal models, incorporate at least one neuroimaging outcome measure, and be published in either English or Chinese. Purely pharmacological studies without neuroimaging outcomes were excluded. Reference lists of relevant reviews were additionally screened to ensure comprehensive coverage. The synthesis prioritizes peer-reviewed clinical studies, neuroimaging- based research, and translational preclinical work, integrating this evidence to outline mechanisms and their neuroimaging correlates.
POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF HERBAL MEDICINE IN MCI
Herbal medicine may benefit MCI by acting on multiple pathways implicated in cognitive decline[8,9]. Current research has identified four principal mechanisms through which medicinal herbs exert their beneficial effects (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Mechanistic framework of herbal medicine in mild cognitive impairment.
Herbal medicine exerts multi-target effects in mild cognitive impairment through four key pathways: Neuroprotection and anti-inflammation, cholinergic modulation, improved cerebral metabolism and perfusion, and gut-brain axis regulation. These mechanisms collectively influence brain structure, function, and metabolism, as reflected by multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers. IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor alpha; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ACh: Acetylcholine; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; NGF: Nerve growth factor.
Neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects
Herbal compounds exhibit neuroprotective properties through attenuation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are key pathological processes implicated in MCI. For instance, EGb 761®, rich in flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones, demonstrates free-radical scavenging activity and suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in preclinical models[19]. Similarly, ginsenosides from Panax ginseng activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses against neuronal oxidative damage[20,21]. These effects are particularly relevant given the established contribution of chronic neuroinflammation to accelerated neurodegeneration in MCI.
Cholinergic system modulation
Several botanicals directly enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, which is critically impaired in cognitive disorders. Huperzine A, a lycopodium alkaloid, acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and crosses the blood-brain barrier effectively[22]. Beyond neurotransmitter modulation, compounds such as bacoside A from Bacopa monnieri promote synaptic plasticity by upregulating neurotrophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in hippocampal neurons[23]. This dual action on both cholinergic tone and neuronal structural integrity may account for the more comprehensive cognitive benefits observed with certain herbal interventions.
Cerebral metabolism and hemodynamic improvement
Accumulating evidence indicates that herbal compounds may also improve cerebral perfusion and energy metabolism. Ligustrazine, extracted from Chuanxiong rhizome, has been shown to increase cerebral blood flow through nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation[24]. Concurrently, berberine from Coptis species enhances neuronal glucose utilization via AMPK-dependent mechanisms, thereby addressing the characteristic cerebral hypometabolism observed in MCI[25,26]. These complementary effects on vascular and metabolic function may synergistically support cognitive performance.
Gut-brain axis regulation
Recent studies highlight the importance of gut microbiota in cognitive function, and several herbal medicines demonstrate significant microbiota-modulating effects. Polysaccharides derived from Astragalus membranaceus and Poria cocos increase the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while suppressing pro-inflammatory microbiota populations[27-30]. These alterations are associated with reduced systemic inflammation and improved cognitive outcomes in animal models, potentially mediated through vagal signaling or decreased circulating endotoxin levels[31]. The capacity to influence both central and peripheral pathways may represent distinctive advantages of herbal interventions in MCI.
Overall, the multimodal pharmacological actions of herbal medicine-addressing neuroprotection, neurotransmitter systems, cerebrovascular function, and gut-brain communication - represent a holistic approach that aligns with the multi-factorial nature of MCI[32,33] (Figure 1). Future research should prioritize the standardization of bioactive constituents and systematic evaluation of herb-herb interactions to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
MULTIMODAL NEUROIMAGING EVIDENCE FOR HERBAL INTERVENTIONS IN MCI
Contemporary neuroimaging research provides compelling empirical support for the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines in MCI. Findings from structural MRI, fMRI, PET, and DTI collectively offer insights into their neurobiological mechanisms through four principal modalities (Table 1).
Table 1 Representative neuroimaging studies investigating herbal medicine interventions in mild cognitive impairment.
Structural MRI (sMRI) studies provide compelling evidence that certain herbal interventions can mitigate neurodegeneration in MCI. These sMRI findings primarily originate from longitudinal human studies. In these studies, changes in the volume of the hippocampus or medial temporal lobe were measured over time. In several instances, these volumetric changes were correlated with cognitive trajectories, such as performance on memory tests and global cognitive scales. The standardized EGb 761® has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, with sMRI studies documenting slowed hippocampal atrophy in MCI patients, supported by expert consensus endorsing its efficacy[34]. Similarly, Kami Guibi-tang, a traditional herbal formula, is under investigation for preserving medial temporal lobe structures, with ongoing trials integrating sMRI to correlate volumetric changes with cognitive outcomes[35]. Notably, the link between structural preservation and clinical benefit is further illustrated by pharmacological agents like AGB101, which reduces entorhinal cortex atrophy in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4-negative MCI patients, paralleling potential mechanisms of herbal compounds[36]. However, heterogeneity in sMRI methodologies and limited longitudinal data for non-Ginkgo interventions highlight the need for standardized protocols and biomarker-integrated studies. Importantly, current available sMRI evidence for herbal interventions in MCI is primarily derived from longitudinal human studies for EGb 761®, whereas evidence for other formulations remains limited to protocol-based or exploratory designs, underscoring the need for harmonized volumetric pipelines and cognition-linked endpoints.
fMRI connectivity analyses
Although fMRI studies suggest that herbal interventions may modulate brain network activity, particularly within the DMN. However, most available studies employ cross-sectional or short-term intervention designs and involve small samples. As a result, while observed network alternations are promising, their clinical significance remains preliminary. For instance, Carmichael et al[37] reported that a multi-component herbal formulation enhanced task-related connectivity in executive control regions while reducing resting-state connectivity between task-positive networks and the DMN in healthy older adults. These findings align with Jiang et al’s identification of DMN-visual cortex connectivity as a predictive biomarker for cognitive impairment[38], where decreased FC between posterior cingulate and precuneus regions showed 84% accuracy in predicting neurocognitive decline. The convergence of these studies suggests that herbal compounds may improve cognitive efficiency by normalizing DMN connectivity patterns - particularly in posterior cortical hubs that are vulnerable in early cognitive impairment. However, current evidence remains limited by small sample sizes in intervention studies and requires validation through longitudinal designs incorporating advanced analytical approaches like machine learning.
PET metabolic studies
PET with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose enables quantitative assessment of cerebral glucose metabolism, aiding in characterizing metabolic dysfunction in cognitive impairment. Current PET evidence for herbal interventions in MCI predominantly originates from preclinical animal models, with human clinical studies remaining limited (Table 1). Accordingly, the PET findings presented in this review should be interpreted as preclinical mechanistic insights, not as direct evidence of clinical efficacy for human MCI.
Experimental research indicates several herbal formulations may improve cerebral hypometabolism in AD models. For instance, Danggui Shaoyao San was shown to enhance hippocampal glucose metabolism in transgenic AD mice, linked to modulation of the IRS1/GSK3β/Wnt3a–β-catenin pathway and reduced Aβ and tau pathology[39]. Similarly, the standardized formula PM012 increased whole-brain glucose uptake in 3xTg-AD mice, correlating with decreased amyloid deposition and increased neurogenesis[40]. Another study reported that Fuzhisan selectively elevated temporoparietal metabolic activity in aged rats while upregulating cholinergic markers[41].
Collectively, these findings suggest herbal medicines may target region-specific metabolic deficits—ranging from hippocampal to temporoparietal areas—through multi-target effects on glucose metabolism, proteinopathy, and neurotransmission. Notably, most PET studies on herbal interventions are preclinical and longitudinal in animal models, where observed metabolic changes are frequently associated with improvements in learning or memory performance. In contrast, human PET studies that directly link herbal-induced metabolic modulation to cognitive outcomes in MCI remain scarce. Consequently, while preclinical data provide mechanistic insight, their clinical relevance remains unconfirmed. Future research should prioritize longitudinal PET studies in well-characterized MCI cohorts to determine translational potential.
DTI of white matter integrity
DTI provides in vivo assessment of white matter microstructure and is commonly used to study axonal and network alterations in cognitive disorders. Unlike PET studies, DTI evidence for herbal interventions includes both preclinical animal studies and a limited number of human trials, which should be clearly distinguished (Table 1). Thus, while preclinical DTI studies offer valuable insights into molecular and microstructural mechanisms, the relatively limited number of human trials calls for a cautious interpretation of their clinical relevance.
Preclinical DTI research offers initial insights into potential white matter protection by herbal compounds. For instance, epimedium flavonoids significantly increased fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum of rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, an effect associated with elevated oligodendrocyte density and activation of neurotrophic pathways[42]. These findings suggest herbal interventions may influence white matter integrity via molecular and cellular mechanisms in experimental models.
Emerging human clinical evidence, though still limited, is notable. One randomized controlled trial reported that Dengzhan Shengmai improved thalamo-hippocampal connectivity and global network efficiency in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, with DTI-derived network changes predicting cognitive improvement[43]. Importantly, the relevant human DTI studies utilized interventional or longitudinal designs. These studies demonstrated that network-level white matter alterations were significantly associated with enhanced cognitive performance, thereby supporting their potential clinical relevance. In addition, the ongoing NEURITES trial is evaluating NeuroAiD II in vascular cognitive impairment, integrating DTI with arterial spin labeling to assess relationships between white matter integrity and cerebral perfusion[44].
Collectively, available DTI studies suggest a hierarchical pattern of white matter modulation, spanning molecular effects in animals to network-level changes in humans. Nevertheless, longitudinal human data remain scarce, and methodological heterogeneity limits cross-study comparability. Further standardized longitudinal DTI studies in MCI populations are therefore required to establish clearer links between herbal interventions, white matter integrity, and clinical outcomes.
Limitations of current neuroimaging evidence
Despite encouraging findings across multiple neuroimaging modalities, several important limitations warrant consideration. First, most human studies are limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up durations, and methodological heterogeneity, which collectively constrain generalizability. Second, substantial methodological variations exist among studies in terms of herbal formulations, dosing protocols, treatment duration, imaging parameters, and analytical methods. This heterogeneity complicates cross-study comparisons and precludes systematic meta-analysis. Third, a considerable portion of PET and DTI evidence comes from preclinical animal models, while human clinical studies remain scarce and often exploratory. Although such preclinical work provides valuable mechanistic insights, its direct relevance to human MCI has not yet been clearly established.
Overall, explicitly differentiating between longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs enhances the interpretation of current evidence. Clarifying whether observed neuroimaging alterations are associated with cognitive or clinical outcomes further allows for the distinction between mechanistic insights and clinically meaningful effects. This interpretive framework underscores a fundamental constraint in the existing literature: The frequent conflation of biological changes with therapeutic relevance. Accordingly, current neuroimaging findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than as definitive evidence of disease-modifying efficacy.
Safety, tolerability, herb-drug interactions, and regulatory considerations
Although herbal medicines are often perceived as inherently safe, their clinical application in MCI necessitates rigorous assessment of safety, tolerability, herb-drug interactions, dosage consistency, and regulatory alignment. Existing clinical evidence suggests that several widely used herbal preparations, such as the standardized EGb 761®, are generally well tolerated at recommended doses. However, adverse effects including gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, and dizziness have been reported, particularly among elderly individuals with comorbidities.
Herb-drug interactions present a significant clinical consideration. For example, Ginkgo biloba may enhance the effects of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, thereby increasing bleeding risk. Similarly, herbal compounds with cholinergic activity may interact with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, a common pharmacological treatment for cognitive impairment. These interactions are especially pertinent for MCI patients, who are frequently prescribed multiple medications for co-occurring vascular, metabolic, or neuropsychiatric conditions.
Dosage consistency and phytochemical standardization remain prominent challenges in herbal medicine research and clinical translation. Unlike conventional pharmaceuticals, herbal formulations often contain multiple active constituents whose concentrations can vary due to factors such as botanical source, cultivation conditions, extraction methods, and manufacturing protocols. Such variability complicates the interpretation of both clinical outcomes and neuroimaging correlates, underscoring the necessity for chemically characterized and batchreproducible products in future studies.
Regulatory frameworks for herbal medicines vary substantially across regions. In many jurisdictions, these products are regulated as dietary supplements rather than as therapeutics, resulting in divergent requirements for quality control, efficacy validation, and postmarket surveillance. This regulatory heterogeneity limits the generalizability of research findings across healthcare systems and poses challenges for designing rigorous multicenter trials. To facilitate the safe and evidencebased integration of herbal interventions into MCI care, closer harmonization is needed among traditional medicine practices, contemporary pharmacovigilance standards, and regulatory science.
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN HERBAL MEDICINE RESEARCH FOR MCI
The clinical translation of herbal medicine for MCI faces three interconnected challenges: Phytochemical complexity, neuroimaging reproducibility, and integrative methodology gaps. Current quality control standards relying on 1-2 marker compounds fail to capture the synergistic pharmacology of herbal formulations containing hundreds of bioactive constituents[45]. Advanced metabolomics using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and artificial neural networks now enable comprehensive activity-based quality assessment[46]. Neuroimaging validation remains hampered by technical variability - particularly in PET research where radiotracer selection and processing pipelines show 34% inter-lab variance[47], while MRI studies face similar DTI protocol heterogeneity[48]. These issues are compounded by small sample sizes and lack of standardized frameworks linking phytochemical profiles to neuroimaging biomarkers. Addressing these challenges requires: (1) Activity-based quality control beyond marker compounds; (2) Containerized analytical pipelines; and (3) Causal network models integrating metabolomics with multimodal neuroimaging. Given these limitations, the current evidence does not yet support definitive conclusions regarding the disease-modifying efficacy of herbal medicine in MCI. Rather, existing studies largely serve to propose mechanistic hypotheses and identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers, which require further validation in well-designed, sufficiently powered, multicenter clinical trials. Recognizing this preliminary stage is essential to avoid overinterpretation and to guide the design of subsequent translational research.
To facilitate meaningful clinical translation, the field should prioritize rigorously designed, large-scale multicenter trials incorporating longitudinal neuroimaging assessments. Optimal study designs should incorporate: (1) Chemically standardized herbal products with fully characterized phytochemical profiles using orthogonal analytical methods[49]; (2) Harmonized neuroimaging protocols across study sites, ideally following established guidelines like those from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative[50,51]; (3) Comprehensive cognitive assessments at baseline and regular intervals (minimum quarterly); and (4) Sufficient duration (≥ 24 months) to adequately assess disease-modifying potential. Artificial intelligence approaches offer particularly promising solutions to current limitations - convolutional neural networks can extract high-dimensional features from neuroimaging data to identify robust predictive biomarkers of treatment response, while graph-based machine learning models that integrate multi-omics data (genomic, proteomic, metabolomic) may elucidate complex mechanisms of action and enable precision medicine approaches[52]. For instance, recent work demonstrated that deep learning models analyzing baseline fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans could predict cognitive outcomes following herbal intervention with 78.5% accuracy[53].
The development of integrative treatment paradigms combining herbal medicines with evidence-based lifestyle interventions represents a critical future direction. Controlled trials have begun revealing significant interaction effects, such as the enhanced cognitive benefits observed when Ginkgo biloba supplementation is combined with Mediterranean diet adherence or regular aerobic exercise[54,55].
Future research should employ factorial designs to systematically investigate these combinations while controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, there is compelling rationale for exploring herbal interventions in pre-MCI at-risk populations, particularly among APOE ε4 carriers and individuals with metabolic syndrome, where early intervention may yield maximal preventive benefits. The field would particularly benefit from establishing international consortia to standardize research protocols, share data through federated learning platforms, and accelerate the development of evidence-based integrative treatment guidelines for cognitive health.
CONCLUSION
Herbal medicine demonstrates potential in the management of MCI through multi-target mechanisms involving neuroprotection, cholinergic modulation, metabolic enhancement, and gut-brain axis interactions. Neuroimaging studies (sMRI, fMRI, PET, DTI), largely derived from preclinical models and a limited number of human investigations, provide mechanistic insights that support this potential benefits of herbal medicine in MCI. However, clinical translation will require standardized phytochemical characterization, rigorously designed multi-center trials, and longitudinal neuroimaging integrated with advanced analytical approaches. Future research should clarify causal mechanisms, optimize herbal-lifestyle synergies, and establish evidence-based protocols to advance MCI interventions.
Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, Getchius TSD, Ganguli M, Gloss D, Gronseth GS, Marson D, Pringsheim T, Day GS, Sager M, Stevens J, Rae-Grant A. Practice guideline update summary: Mild cognitive impairment [RETIRED]: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.Neurology. 2018;90:126-135.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 758][Cited by in RCA: 1584][Article Influence: 176.0][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Shin HY, Yim TB, Heo HM, Jahng GH, Kwon S, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Ko CN, Park JM. Effects of Kami Guibi-tang in patients with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a phase III, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial.BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022;22:318.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in RCA: 3][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Jiang Z, Cai Y, Liu S, Ye P, Yang Y, Lin G, Li S, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Bao Z, Nie S, Gu W. Decreased default mode network functional connectivity with visual processing regions as potential biomarkers for delayed neurocognitive recovery: A resting-state fMRI study and machine-learning analysis.Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:1109485.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in RCA: 7][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Niu HM, Wang MY, Ma DL, Chen XP, Zhang L, Li YL, Zhang L, Li L. Epimedium flavonoids improve cognitive impairment and white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through inhibiting the Lingo-1/Fyn/ROCK pathway and activating the BDNF/NRG1/PI3K pathway in rats.Brain Res. 2020;1743:146902.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 7][Cited by in RCA: 24][Article Influence: 4.0][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Lu H, Zhang J, Liang Y, Qiao Y, Yang C, He X, Wang W, Zhao S, Wei D, Li H, Cheng W, Zhang Z. Network topology and machine learning analyses reveal microstructural white matter changes underlying Chinese medicine Dengzhan Shengmai treatment on patients with vascular cognitive impairment.Pharmacol Res. 2020;156:104773.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in Crossref: 11][Cited by in RCA: 29][Article Influence: 4.8][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
Liu M, Zhao X, Wen J, Sun L, Huang R, Zhang H, Liu Y, Ren X. A multidimensional strategy for uncovering comprehensive quality markers of Scutellariae Radix based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, artificial neural network, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular simulation.Front Plant Sci. 2024;15:1423678.
[RCA] [PubMed] [DOI] [Full Text][Cited by in RCA: 3][Reference Citation Analysis (0)]
