Pharmaconutrition strategy to resolve SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory cytokine storm in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Figure 1 Schematic summary of the therapeutic potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derived lipid mediators. ω-3 LCPUFA: Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; COX: Cyclooxygenase; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; EPD: Eicosapentaenoic acid; IL: Interleukin; LOX: Lipoxygenase; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; PG: Prostaglandin; TX: Thromboxane; TGFβ: Transforming growth factor β; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor α; ⊗: Inhibitory effect, ↓: Decrease; ↑: Increase.

Figure 2 Schematic summary of the pharmaconutrition strategy and possible outcomes: ⊗ - Disconnecting bi-directional relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and ↓ - decrease. ω-3 LCPUFA: Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.