Cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 with a focus on children: A systematic review

Figure 1 Forest plot that summarizes the pooled mean proportion of the cardiovascular characteristics of children with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease-2019. Multiple separate meta-analyses were conducted. Considering the high likelihood of between study variance, a random effects model was used. Continuity correction for total zero events studies was performed to include these in the meta-analysis as recommended. Pooled data were presented with 95%CI and displayed using forest plots. Heterogeneity within studies was assessed using I² statistics. For all the factors analyzed, the P value for heterogeneity was determined to be > 0.10 and the I² values were < 50% (adequate heterogeneity between studies).

Figure 2 Summary of the potential cardiac complications and recommended cardiac work-up and management of cardiac complications for patients that require hospitalization due to severe coronavirus disease-2019 or for patients with pre-existing heart diseases.