Intracranial pressure monitoring: Gold standard and recent innovations

Figure 1 The relationship between intracranial pressure and volume. ICP: Intracranial pressure.

Figure 2 Normal intracranial pressure trace showing the vascular and respiratory pulse. ICP: Intracranial pressure.

Figure 3 Normal intracranial pressure waveform showing the P1 (Percussion wave), P2 (Tidal wave) and P3 (Dicrotic notch). ICP: Intracranial pressure.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the changes in intracranial pressure waveform in intracranial hypertension. ICP: Intracranial pressure.

Figure 5 Schematic presentation of Lundberg A waves and Lundberg B waves. ICP: Intracranial pressure.

Figure 6 Ultrasound image of optic nerve sheath diameter. The distance “A” is depth from posterior pole of eye (3 mm) and the distance “B” is the optic nerve sheath diameter.