Management of ductal spasm in a neonate with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum during cardiac catheterization: A case report

Figure 1 Angiographic images of ductus arteriosus before and after spasm. A: Descending aortography revealed that the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was tortuous and flat. The orange arrow showed the position of PDA; B: Repeated aortography revealed partial occlusion of the ductus arteriosus. The orange arrow showed PDA markedly curved, S-shaped; C: Aortography showed that the stent was unobstructed without displacement.

Figure 2 Hemodynamic changes of ductal spasm and stent implantation. A: The IBP suddenly decreased; B: After successful stent implantation, the invasive blood pressure changed to an instant increase.