Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria as a promising new drug combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Figure 1 Medicinal characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine treatment in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. A: Traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and their frequencies; B: Categories of herbs and their frequencies; C: Frequency of herbs' nature; D: Map showing drug combination relationships. E and F: Frequency of herbs' flavor and meridian tropism. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine; HAG: Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis.

Figure 2 Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria inhibit the inflammatory reaction. A: Rapid urease test (RUT) and Warthin-Starry staining in mouse models of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis; B: Effect of Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria (CPS) on H. pylori infection. RUTs confirmed that the efficacy in the CPS and quadruple therapy groups was equal; C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining (200 ×); D and E: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay analysis of the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in HAG mice. n = 7 per group or 9 per group (Vehicle, quadruple therapy, and CPS). Data are represented as the mean ± SD. RUT: Rapid urease test; HAG: Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis; CPS: Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria; NC: Negative control; QT: Quadruple therapy; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.

Figure 3 Network diagram of Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria, compounds, and targets.

Figure 4 Network analysis of predicted Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria targets and differentially expressed Helicobacter pylori genes. A: Venn diagram of Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria (CPS) indicates targets and differentially expressed genes in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis (HAG); B: Protein-protein interaction diagram of CPS and HAG; C: Cellular component, biological process, and molecular function analysis of gene ontology pathway enrichment; D: Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. CPS: Coptis, Pinellia, and Scutellaria; HAG: Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis; GO: Gene ontology; BP: Biological process; CC: Cellular component; MF: Molecular function; KEGG: Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes.