White blood cells and neutrophil-to-high density lipoprotein ratio as predictive markers of left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of group I and group II, n (%)/mean ± SD

Demographic characteristics	Group I (n = 92)	Group II (n = 81)	P value
Age, in years	52.26 ± 10.12	53.49 ± 9.96	0.422
Male	81 (89)	69 (85)	0.2021
Female	11 (11)	12 (14)
Non-vegetarian diet	72 (78)	59 (72)	0.5671
Smokers	62 (67)	48 (59)	0.4941
Alcohol consumption	26 (28)	10 (12)	0.1141
Tobacco chewer	44 (47)	31 (38)	0.4041
Hypertensive	38 (41)	28 (31)	0.4081
Diabetic	49 (53)	38 (47)	0.6921

¹χ² test.

Table 2 Comparison of biochemical parameters of group I and group II, mean ± SD

Biochemical profile	Group I (n = 92)	Group II (n = 81)	P value
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)	136.2 ± 39.6	144.2 ± 62.0	0.836
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	152.7 ± 136.4	159.2 ± 100.7	0.211
HDL (mg/dL)	38.4 ± 18.4	36.6 ± 12.2	0.999
LDL (mg/dL)	72.1 ± 34.0	78.8 ± 47.6	0.705
VLDL (mg/dL)	30.5 ± 27.3	31.6 ± 20.1	0.250
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.8 ± 2.0	13.8 ± 2.0	0.565
WBC (cells/µL)	10845.2 ± 5312.3	10043.5 ± 7036.5	0.009
Neutrophils (cells/µL)	7203.4 ± 4224.8	6158.2 ± 4060.2	0.007
Lymphocytes (cells/µL)	3489.4 ± 1818.1	2454.6 ± 1091.3	0.001
Monocytes (cells/µL)	733.1 ± 639.0	620.9 ± 409.7	0.103
Eosinophils (cells/µL)	327.5 ± 383.9	363.8 ± 565.2	0.543
NHR	223.8 ± 146.9	199.7 ± 149.4	0.042

HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; WBC: White Blood cells; NHR: Neutrophil-to-high density lipoprotein ratio.

Table 3 Echocardiography parameters of Group I and Group II

Echocardiography parameters	Group I	Group II	P value
Anterior wall myocardial infarction	50 (54%)	21 (25%)	0.14
Inferior wall myocardial infarction	28 (30%)	6 (12%)
Normal LV systolic function	1 (1%)	72 (88%)	0.001
Mild LV systolic dysfunction	26 (28%)	5 (6%)
Moderate LV systolic dysfunction	32 (34%)	2 (2%)
Severe LV systolic dysfunction	33 (35%)	2 (2%)
LVEF	34.83 ± 5.1	59.38 ± 2.2	0.001

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LV: Left ventricular.

Table 4 Regression analysis between left ventricular ejection fraction and blood components

Parameters	R2	P value
WBCs	0.007	0.237
Neutrophils	0.019	0.051
Lymphocytes	0.089	0.001
NHR	0.013	0.111

R²: Coefficient of determination; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NHR: Neutrophil-to-high density lipoprotein ratio; WBC: White blood cells.

Table 5 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for prediction for reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

	Area under curve (95%CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity	P value
WBC	0.61 (0.53-0.70)	72%	60%	0.009
Neutrophils	0.61 (0.53-0.71)	56%	60%	0.007
Lymphocytes	0.68 (0.61-0.76)	72%	60%	0.001
NHR	0.59 (0.50-0.67)	65%	52%	0.04

WBC: White blood cell; NHR: Neutrophil-to-high density lipoprotein ratio.