Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020

doi:10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598

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World Journal of Methodology

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World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 95598
Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598

Table 1 Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence trends in different age and sex-specific groups across United States geographical regions

Age group, year	Cases (n = 467344)¹, (%)	Trends²			Sex-specific AAPC difference (95%CI)³	Pairwise comparison P values
Age group, year	Cases (n = 467344)¹, (%)	Time period	APC	AAPC	Sex-specific AAPC difference (95%CI)³	Sex-specific AAPC difference	Coincidence⁴	Parallelism⁵
West
All ages
Women	31008 (6.64)	2001-2014	2.66^a	0.96^a	-0.02 (-0.86 to 0.82)	0.95	< 0.001	0.008
Women	31008 (6.64)	2014-2020	-2.61^a	0.96^a
Men	84328 (18.04)	2001-2009	4.42^a	0.94^a
		2009-2014	1.66^a
		2014-2018	-1.72
		2018-2020	-8.68^a
Aged ≥ 55 years
Women	26804 (5.74)	2001-2014	3.10^a	1.36^a	0.61 (-0.42 to 1.65)	0.24	< 0.001	0.002
Women	26804 (5.74)	2014-2020	-2.30^a	1.36^a
Men	68348 (14.62)	2001-2013	4.95^a	1.97^a
		2013-2018	-0.44
		2018-2020	-8.91^a
Aged < 55 years
Women	3786 (0.81)	2001-2009	3.26^a	-0.78	-2.15^a (-3.65 to -0.64)	0.005	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	3786 (0.81)	2009-2020	-3.61^a	-0.78
Men	15383 (3.29)	2001-2004	9.67^a	-2.92^a
		2004-2011	-1.91^a
		2011-2020	-7.54^a
All ages
Women	3786 (0.810)	2001-2009	3.26^a	-0.78	-2.15^a (-3.65 to -0.64)	0.005	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	3786 (0.810)	2009-2020	-3.61^a	-0.78
Men	15383 (3.291)	2001-2004	9.67^a	-2.92^a
		2004-2011	-1.92^a
		2011-2020	-7.54^a
Midwest
All ages
Women	22675 (4.851)	2001-2017	2.42^a	1.12^a	0.50 (-0.54 to 1.55)	0.34	< 0.001	0.02
Women	22675 (4.851)	2017-2020	-5.56^a	1.12^a
Men	61937 (13.252)	2001-2012	3.90^a	1.62^a
		2012-2018	0.99
		2018-2020	-8.38^a
Aged ≥ 55 years
Women	19403 (4.151)	2001-2017	2.82^a	1.53^a	1.12^a (0.04 to 2.19)	0.04	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	19403 (4.151)	2017-2020	-5.08^a	1.53^a
Men	51228 (10.961)	2001-2013	4.89^a	2.65^a
		2013-2018	2.15^a
		2018-2020	-8.72^a
Aged < 55 years
Women	2942 (0.629)	2001-2010	3.02^a	-0.35	-1.61 (-3.57 to 0.36)	0.10	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	2942 (0.629)	2010-2020	-3.28^a	-0.35
Men	10227 (2.188)	2001-2003	12.75^a	-1.95^a
		2003-2009	0.88
		2009-2020	-5.89^a
Northeast
All ages
Women	21729 (4.645)	2001-2013	2.67^a	0.74	0.14 (-0.90 to 1.17)	0.79	< 0.001	0.2
Women	21729 (4.645)	2013-2020	-2.48^a	0.74
Men	65530 (14.021)	2001-2007	4.77^a	0.88^a
		2007-2016	1.25^a
		2016-2020	-5.49^a
Aged ≥ 55 years
Women	18703 (4.001)	2001-2013	3.01^a	1.13^a	0.76 (-0.26 to 1.78)	0.14	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	18703 (4.001)	2013-2020	-2.00^a	1.13^a
Men	53688 (11.487)	2001-2008	5.17^a	1.89^a
		2008-2016	2.62^a
		2016-2020	-4.97^a
Aged < 55 years
Women	2763 (0.591)	2001-2007	6.63^a	-0.13	-3.26^a (-5.08 to -1.43)	< 0.001	< 0.001	<0.001
Women	2763 (0.591)	2007-2020	-3.10^a	-0.13
Men	11462 (2.452)	2001-2008	2.39^a	-3.38^a
Men	11462 (2.452)	2008-2020	-6.60^a	-3.38^a
South
All ages
Women	45975 (9.837)	2001-2015	3.74^a	2.08^a	0.46 (-0.53 to 1.45)	0.36	< 0.001	0.01
Women	45975 (9.837)	2015-2020	-2.42	2.08^a
Men	134162 (28.707)	2001-2007	6.14^a	2.54^a
		2007-2014	3.66^a
		2014-2018	0.05
		2018-2020	-6.50^a
Aged ≥ 55 years
Women	38809 (8.304)	2001-2016	3.99^a	2.53^a	1.12^a (0.10 to 2.13)	0.03	< 0.001	< 0.001
Women	38809 (8.304)	2016-2020	-2.77	2.53^a
Men	108315 (23.176)	2001-2014	5.89^a	3.65^a
		2014-2018	1.4
		2018-2020	-5.74^a
Aged < 55 years
Women	6576 (1.407)	2001-2009	4.77^a	0.5	-2.01^a (-3.77 to -0.24)	0.02	< 0.001	< 0.001
		2009-2015	-1.2
		2015-2020	-6.00^a
Men	25030 (5.355)	2001-2006	7.81^a	-2.05^a
		2006-2014	-2.16^a
		2014-2020	-9.46^a

¹Data are presented as count numbers followed by percentages of the count numbers from the total cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the database.

²Time-trends were computed using Joinpoint Regression Program (version 5.0.2, National Cancer Institute) with 3 maximum joinpoints allowed (4-line segments).

³A negative value indicates a greater average annual percentage change in women compared to men.

⁴Tests whether incidence trends were identical. A significant P-value indicates that the trends were not identical (i.e., they had different incidence rates and coincidence was rejected).

⁵Tests whether incidence trends were parallel. A significant P-value indicates that the trends were not parallel (i.e., parallelism was rejected).

^aP < 0.05.

APC: Annual percentage change; AAPC: Average annual percentage change.

Citation: Abboud Y, Malhotra R, Maan MHA, Mathew A, Abboud I, Pan CW, Alsakarneh S, Jaber F, Mohamed I, Kim D, Pyrsopoulos NT. Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020. World J Methodol 2024; 14(4): 95598
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v14/i4/95598.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598