Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Dec 20, 2024; 14(4): 95598
Published online Dec 20, 2024. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95598
Hepatocellular carcinoma national burden across different geographical regions in the United States between 2001 and 2020
Yazan Abboud, Raj Malhotra, Muhammad Hassaan Arif Maan, Anna Mathew, Ibrahim Abboud, Chun-Wei Pan, Saqr Alsakarneh, Fouad Jaber, Islam Mohamed, David Kim, Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos
Yazan Abboud, Raj Malhotra, Muhammad Hassaan Arif Maan, Anna Mathew, David Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
Ibrahim Abboud, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
Chun-Wei Pan, Department of Internal Medicine, John H Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
Saqr Alsakarneh, Fouad Jaber, Islam Mohamed, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, MO 64108, United States
Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, United States
Co-corresponding authors: Yazan Abboud and Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos.
Author contributions: Abboud Y designed the study, conducted the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the study; and drafted the manuscript; Malhotra R, Maan MHA, Mathew A, Abboud I drafted parts of the manuscript and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content; Pan CW, Alsakarneh S, Jaber F, Mohamed I, and Kim D revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content; Pyrsopoulos NT supervised the work; contributed to the design of the study, and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All Authors have read and approved the manuscript. Abboud Y and Pyrsopoulos NT are co-corresponding authors because both authors contributed equally to the study conception, design, and methodology. While Abboud Y was responsible for data access, and conducting the statistical analysis, Pyrsopoulos NT supervised the work and reviewed the methods and results critically for important intellectual input. Abboud Y drafted the original version of the manuscript, and Pyrsopoulos NT edited the manuscript and reviewed it critically for important intellectual input. Abboud Y has access to the data used in the study and he is the lead author and will be able to reply to any correspondence or question raised, if any, in the future. Pyrsopoulos NT is the article senior author and is the most experienced author among the author list with extensive experience in the topic of the manuscript and can help in any future correspondence as well.
Institutional review board statement: Data used in this study were all publicly available and de-identified and therefore were exempted from review by the institutional review board, based on the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee Policy.
Informed consent statement: Data used in this study were all publicly available and de-identified and therefore were exempted from review by the institutional review board, based on the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee Policy.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The findings of this study were accepted to be presented at the Digestive Diseases Week 2024 conference at the “Liver and Biliary Tract Carcinoma (Hepatobiliary Neoplasia)” session on May 20th, 2024 (12:30 PM to 1:30 PM), in Washington, D.C.
Data sharing statement: Data used in this study were all publicly available and can be obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics Database.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yazan Abboud, MD, Doctor, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.yazanabboud.md@gmail.com
Received: April 13, 2024
Revised: May 12, 2024
Accepted: June 3, 2024
Published online: December 20, 2024
Processing time: 103 Days and 15.9 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: In this retrospective study of the United States Cancer Statistics database (which covers approximately 98% of the United States population), we analyzed sex and age-specific hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence across different United States regions between 2001-2020. HCC incidence rates were significantly increasing in the West, Midwest, Northeast, and South of the United States, most notably in the South. While younger men experienced decreasing HCC incidence, younger women had non-decreasing incidence, and this was noted across all regions. While this can be due to regional disparities in healthcare access/utilization, future research is needed to investigate regional HCC risk factors, especially in younger adults.