Adolescent varicocele, a Gordian knot: A comprehensive review of clinical perspectives and future directions

doi:10.5662/wjm.v16.i1.108384

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Mar 20, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 10, 2026

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World Journal of Methodology

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2222-0682

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Methodol. Mar 20, 2026; 16(1): 108384
Published online Mar 20, 2026. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v16.i1.108384

Adolescent varicocele, a Gordian knot: A comprehensive review of clinical perspectives and future directions

Nakul Baban Aher, Pradhyumna Koushik Thothala Prabhakar, Subash Kaushik Thirukonda Govarthanam, Sriram Krishnamoorthy

Nakul Baban Aher, Pradhyumna Koushik Thothala Prabhakar, Subash Kaushik Thirukonda Govarthanam, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India

Author contributions: Aher NB conceptualized the study, conducted the literature review, and was responsible for drafting the manuscript; all authors contributed to data interpretation, critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content, and approved the final version for submission.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Professor, Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India. sriramuro@gmail.com

Received: April 14, 2025
Revised: June 2, 2025
Accepted: August 25, 2025
Published online: March 20, 2026
Processing time: 304 Days and 2.7 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Adolescent varicocele, a complex and often controversial condition, affects up to 20% of teenage males. This minireview examines the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and the evolving role of testicular volume asymmetry and semen analysis in informing management. By synthesizing current evidence, we provide practical, risk-stratified recommendations for observation and surgical intervention, including subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy. The article highlights critical gaps in adolescent-specific research and proposes future directions to safeguard long-term fertility and testicular health.