Safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan, Joseph M Pappachan, Hamid Ashraf, Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, Mohammad Shafi Kuchay, Shehla Shaikh
Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan, Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M156BH, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
Hamid Ashraf, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Lakshmi Nagendra, Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, 570004, India
Deep Dutta, Department of Endocrinology, CEDAR Superspeciality Healthcare, New Delhi 110075, India
Mohammad Shafi Kuchay, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta-The Medicity Hospital, Gurugram 122001, Haryana, India
Shehla Shaikh, Department of Endocrinology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400004, India
Author contributions: Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Pappachan JM were responsible for the integrity of the work as a whole; Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Pappachan JM, and Dutta D evaluated the quality of the literature; Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Ashraf H, Kuchay MS, and Shaikh S wrote the draft; Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Ashraf H, and Nagendra L collected and analyzed the data and drew the tables and figures; Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Kuchay MS conceptualized and designed the study; Pappachan JM, Nagendra L, and Dutta D reviewed and revised the manuscript; Pappachan JM and Shaikh S adjudicated any disagreements; Ashraf H, Nagendra L, Dutta D, and Shaikh S performed the full-text review and data identification; each author made contributions to the article and endorsed the submitted version; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts in interest among authors.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Joseph M Pappachan, MD, FRCP, Professor, Senior Researcher, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester M156BH, United Kingdom.
drpappachan@yahoo.co.in
Received: January 24, 2025
Revised: April 17, 2025
Accepted: June 3, 2025
Published online: December 20, 2025
Processing time: 193 Days and 4.6 Hours
