Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in chronic kidney disease and anaesthesia implications

Table 1 Grades of diastolic dysfunction based on echocardiography

Normal diastolic function	Diastolic dysfunction grade 1	Diastolic dysfunction grade 2	Diastolic dysfunction grade 3	Diastolic dysfunction grade 4
	Impaired relaxation	Pseudo normal	Reversible restricted	Fixed restricted
E/A 1.0-1.5	E/A < 1.0	E/A 0.8-1.5	E/A ≥ 2.0	E/A ≥ 2.0
Deceleration time > 160 ms	Deceleration time > 200 ms	Deceleration time 160-200 ms	Deceleration time < 160 ms	Deceleration time < 160 ms
Left atrial pressure	Left atrial pressure	Left atrial pressure	Left atrial pressure	Left atrial pressure
Normal	Normal	↑↑	↑↑↑	↑↑↑↑