Dual-score framework: National Early Warning Score 2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in acute pyelonephritis

Figure 1 Study methodology (tertiary care institute in South India, 2023-2025). The algorithm of patient inclusion, assessment, and outcome analysis. APN: Acute pyelonephritis, ABC: Airway breathing circulation; ICU: Intensive care unit; NEWS2: National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA: Quick sequential organ failure assessment score; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.

Figure 2 Clinical and microbiological correlates of disease severity in acute pyelonephritis (tertiary care institute in South India, 2023-2025). A: Violin plot comparing total white blood cell count in patients with and without intervention; B: Distribution of intensive care unit admissions stratified by urine culture organisms. WBC: White blood cell; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Figure 3 Comparison of National Early Warning Score 2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in predicting critical outcomes in acute pyelonephritis (tertiary care institute in South India, 2023-2025). A: Box plot demonstrating that National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) score showing a broader distribution among the intervention group; B: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for NEWS2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (qSOFA) in predicting intensive care unit admission; C: Venn diagram shows the distribution of high-risk patients (NEWS2 score ≥ 7 and qSOFA score ≥ 2); D: ROC curves for predicting in-hospital mortality. NEWS2: National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA: Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic.