Dual-score framework: National Early Warning Score 2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in acute pyelonephritis
Punith R Jain, Suryaram Aravind, Prajeeth Reddy K, Manikantan Shekar, Velmurugan Palaniyandi, Hariharasudhan Sekar, Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Punith R Jain, Suryaram Aravind, Prajeeth Reddy K, Velmurugan Palaniyandi, Hariharasudhan Sekar, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
Manikantan Shekar, Department of Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
Author contributions: Jain PR played a major role in the study by conceiving the idea, designing the research framework, and writing the full manuscript; Krishnamoorthy S contributed to manuscript drafting, performed the statistical analysis and played a key role in the study's execution and supervised throughout; Aravind S, K PR, Shekar M, Palaniyandi V, Sekar H were responsible for data collection and management of patients; all authors reviewed, revised, and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research “Institutional Research Ethics Committee (DHR/ICMR Registration No. EC/NEW/INST/2023/TN/0320; Ref No. CSP-MED/24/NOV/111/364)”.
Clinical trial registration statement: This study was not a clinical trial and, therefore, does not require registration in a clinical trial database.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was not required for this study as it is a prospective analysis utilizing anonymized patient data from medical records, with no direct patient interaction or intervention. The study was conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines and regulatory standards for observational research, ensuring patient confidentiality and data protection.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Due to ethical and institutional regulations, access to patient-specific data is restricted to ensure confidentiality and compliance with data protection policies.
Corresponding author: Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Head, Professor, Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No. 1 Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
sriram.k@sriramachandra.edu.in
Received: September 15, 2025
Revised: October 2, 2025
Accepted: December 16, 2025
Published online: March 25, 2026
Processing time: 182 Days and 15 Hours
