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World J Nephrol. Dec 25, 2025; 14(4): 109099
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.109099
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows various clinical utilities of donor-derived cell-free DNA. dd-cfDNA: Donor-derived cell-free DNA; ABMR: Antibody-mediated rejection.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Shows various confounding conditions that may lead to elevated donor-derived cell-free DNA levels or interfere with the assay, independent of rejection. dd-cfDNA: Donor-derived cell-free DNA; IFTA: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; DGF: Delayed graft function.
Figure 3
Figure 3 Potential future aims for ongoing studies. ABMR: Antibody-mediated rejection; TCMR: T cell-mediated rejection; AKI: Acute kidney injury; CKI: Chronic kidney injury; cfDNA: Cell-free DNA.
Figure 4
Figure 4 An integrated approach to using donor-derived cell-free DNA for the diagnosis of rejection and renal allograft surveillance. dd-cfDNA: Donor-derived cell-free DNA.