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Effect of pentoxifylline on inflammatory markers in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients: A prospective, interventional, open label
Ashraf Hassan Abd El Mobdy, Hayam Ahmed Hebah, Mohammed Ali Ezzat, Fatma Abdelrahman Ahmed, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 31511, Egypt
Basant Abdelkarim Eid Mohamed, Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo 11512, Egypt
Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design; material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Hebah HA, Ezzat MA and Abd El Mobdy AH; the first draft of the manuscript was written by Eid Mohamed BA, Ahmed FA; all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript; all authors read and approved of the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was conducted from February 2023 to August 2023, following authorization from the Research Ethics Committee of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Approval No. FMASU MS 53/2023).
Clinical trial registration statement: This study was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/). The registration identification number is NCT07302464 (date: December 24, 2025).
Informed consent statement: Informed written consent was obtained from all patients.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors have no conflict of interest related to the manuscript.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: Data is available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.
Corresponding author: Ashraf Hassan Abd El Mobdy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ahmed Fakhry Street, Cairo 31511, Egypt.
Received: February 13, 2026
Revised: April 4, 2026
Accepted: July 2, 2026
Published online: September 25, 2026
Processing time: 181 Days and 15.6 Hours
Revised: April 4, 2026
Accepted: July 2, 2026
Published online: September 25, 2026
Processing time: 181 Days and 15.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on inflammation and disease progression in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4. Adding PTX to standard therapy significantly reduced C-reactive protein and proteinuria compared with standard treatment alone. Changes in tumour necrosis factor-alpha were inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, highlighting a link between inflammation and renal function decline. PTX may offer additional anti-inflammatory and renoprotective benefits in non-diabetic CKD.