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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Dec 25, 2025; 14(4): 110791
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.110791
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.110791
Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury after heart transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Muneeb Khawar, Ayesha Sehar, Manahil Shahzad, Hasnain Farooq, Zainab Alvi, Sheraz Ali, Muneeb Saifullah, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
Obaid Ur Rehman, Mirza Muhammad Hadeed Khawar, Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
Hamza Aka Khail, Department of Medicine, Kateb University Faculty of Medicine, Kabul 1006, Kābul, Afghanistan
Abdul Qadeer, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
Mark N Villanueva, Girish K Mour, Department of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States
Author contributions: Khawar M contributed to conceptualization; Sehar A, Qadeer A, and Rehman OU contributed to formal analysis; Khawar M, Sehar A, Shahzad M, Farooq H, Alvi Z, Ali S, Saifullah M, Khail HA, Khawar MMH, Villanueva MN, and Mour GK contributed to data curation; Khawar M, Farooq H, Villanueva MN, and Mour GK contributed to methodology; Khawar M and Qadeer A contributed to writing – original draft; Khawar M, Sehar A, Qadeer A, Shahzad M, Farooq H, Rehman OU, Alvi Z, Ali S, Saifullah M, Khail HA, Khawar MMH, Villanueva MN, and Mour GK contributed to writing – review & editing.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hamza aka Khail, MD, Department of Medicine, Kateb University Faculty of Medicine, F3W2+PVX, Shaheed Mazari Road, Kabul 1006, Kābul, Afghanistan. hamzaakakhail14@gmail.com
Received: June 16, 2025
Revised: July 4, 2025
Accepted: September 24, 2025
Published online: December 25, 2025
Processing time: 191 Days and 11.6 Hours
Revised: July 4, 2025
Accepted: September 24, 2025
Published online: December 25, 2025
Processing time: 191 Days and 11.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication after heart transplant surgery and various patient demo