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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 107093
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.107093
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.107093
Structural and functional kidney abnormalities in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus infection: A cross-sectional perspective
Sivaprakash Sundaramoorthy, Department of General Medicine, Government Tiruvannamalai Medical College and Hospital, Tiruvannamalai 606604, Tamilnadu, India
Devarajan Radha, Department of General Medicine, Government Villupuram Medical College, Mundiyampakkam, Villupuram 605601, Tamilnadu, India
Amalraj Ravi, Department of General Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamilnadu, India
Kotha Sugunakar Reddy, Department of General Medicine, Neelima Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India
Sakthivadivel Varatharajan, Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bibinagar, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India
Author contributions: Sundaramoorthy S conceived and designed; Ravi A and Radha D participated in coordination of the study and drafted the initial manuscript; Sundaramoorthy S, Ravi A, and Radha D participated in the acquisition; Sundaramoorthy S, Ravi A, Radha D, Varatharajan S, and Reddy KS participated in the interpretation of data; Varatharajan S and Reddy KS participated in the analysis, drafting the final manuscript and revised the article critically for important intellectual content; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Government Villupuram Medical College, approval No. GVMC/IEC/2021/16.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sakthivadivel Varatharajan, Additional Professor, Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bibinagar, Bibinagar, Hyderabad 500088, Telangana, India. vsakthivadivel28@gmail.com
Received: March 16, 2025
Revised: April 11, 2025
Accepted: May 18, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 186 Days and 18.8 Hours
Revised: April 11, 2025
Accepted: May 18, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 186 Days and 18.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Renal abnormalities are commonly observed in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly as the disease progresses. Advanced stages of HIV are associated with a significant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate and an increase in kidney size, indicating worsening renal function. Consequently, routine monitoring of kidney health, including estimated glomerular filtration rate and imaging when appropriate, is essential for early detection and management of HIV-related kidney complications.