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World Journal of Nephrology
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2220-6124
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. Sep 25, 2025; 14(3): 101469
Published online Sep 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i3.101469
Variation coefficient of stone density – can it crack the stone?
Krishna Kumar Govindarajan
Krishna Kumar Govindarajan, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
Author contributions: Govindarajan KK conceived and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest declared.
Corresponding author: Krishna Kumar Govindarajan, MD, FACS, MBBS, MCh, MNAMS, Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India. kkpeds@gmail.com
Received: September 15, 2024
Revised: February 4, 2025
Accepted: February 12, 2025
Published online: September 25, 2025
Processing time: 367 Days and 1 Hours
Abstract

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is recognised as the ideal non-invasive procedure for urolithiasis. However, the suitability of ESWL varies depending on the composition of the stone. The chemical structure of the stone may not be uniform throughout the stone and this heterogeneity provides the clue in the form of variation coefficient of stone density. To be aware of the success of the stone breakage by ESWL is an advantage upfront, so that it is possible to apply the technology to the most appropriate patient. This is an important aspect in the successful management of urolithiasis.

Keywords: Urolithiasis; Variation coefficient; Stone density; Lithotripsy; Renal stones

Core Tip: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a popular technology for management of urolithiasis. Available factors for predicting the successful outcome of the procedure are many but not reliable. The objective is to explore the utility of variation coefficient of stone density as a parameter in effective lithotripsy.
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