Role of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G in virus-associated cancers: A focused minireview

doi:10.5501/wjv.v15.i2.120048

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World Journal of Virology

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2220-3249

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Virol. Jun 25, 2026; 15(2): 120048
Published online Jun 25, 2026. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i2.120048

Table 1 Comparative profile of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G in human papillomavirus-driven cervical cancer vs hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus-driven hepatocellular carcinoma

Cancer type	Cervical cancer	Hepatocellular carcinoma
Oncogenic virus	HPV16/18 (high-risk types)	HBV and/or HCV (approximately 80% of cases)
sHLA-G detection	Serum/plasma by sandwich ELISA	Serum/plasma by sandwich ELISA
sHLA-G alterations	↑ sHLA-G in cervical cancer patients	↑ sHLA-G in HCC
sHLA-G alterations	HLA-G5 low in cervical tumor tissue - ↑ sHLA-G and IL6/8/10/17 → Th2-biased immunity → immune suppression and HPV persistence	↑ sHLA-G in HCC
Clinical implications	Progressive sHLA-G increase from HPV + cervix → cancer	↑ sHLA-G in HCC vs liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, or asymptomatic infection

HPV: Human papillomavirus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; IL: Interleukin; Th2: T helper 2; sHLA: Soluble human leukocyte antigen; HLA-G: Human leukocyte antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Citation: Bouayad A. Role of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G in virus-associated cancers: A focused minireview. World J Virol 2026; 15(2): 120048
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3249/full/v15/i2/120048.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v15.i2.120048

Bouayad A. Role of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G in virus-associated cancers: A focused minireview. World J Virol 2026; 15(2): 120048 [DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v15.i2.120048]

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