Human bocavirus: As an emerging respiratory pathogen

Table 1 Summary of reported prevalence ranges of human bocavirus co-infections with viral and bacterial pathogens

Type of co-infection	Common co-detected pathogens	Reported prevalence range	Clinical significance
Viral co-infections	RSV, human rhinovirus, influenza A/B, human enterovirus, seasonal coronaviruses, human polyomaviruses	17%-86%	Frequently reported in children with respiratory illnesses, RSV co-infection may increase disease severity
Bacterial co-infections	Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae	14%-87%	Associated with more severe respiratory outcomes, including intensive care unit/intermittent mandatory ventilation requirement

RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus.