Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A and B molecules and their potential role in virus-associated cancers

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of the evasion tactics used by oncogenic viruses to target the natural killer group 2 member D-major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related genes A/B axis and promote cancer progression. The red natural killer group 2 member D indicates a stimulatory immune response, whereas the green natural killer group 2 member D indicates an inhibitory immune response. Virus antagonistic tactics are shown with red lines and arrows. ADAM10: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10; BART7: BamHI-A rightward transcript 7; C-Myc: Cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HPV: Human papillomavirus; KSHV: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; LMP2A: Latent membrane protein 2A; MICA: Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related genes A; NK cell: Natural killer cell; NKG2D: Natural killer group 2 member D; Smad2/3: Small mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3; sMICA: Soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related genes A; TGFβ: Transforming growth factor beta; TM tail: Transmembrane tail.