Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Virol. Jun 25, 2025; 14(2): 101693
Published online Jun 25, 2025. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101693
Figure 1
Figure 1 Historical management of sickle cell disease and viral infections. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CRISPR-cas9: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; SCD: Sickle cell disease; VOC: Vaso-occlusive crisis.
Figure 2
Figure 2 Mechanisms of viral infection-related exacerbation in sickle cell disease. Hb: Hemoglobin; IL: Interleukin; NO: Nitric oxide; RBCs: Red blood cells; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Figure 3
Figure 3 Treatments and prophylaxis for viral infections in sickle cell disease. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; IG: Immunoglobulin; SARS-CoV 2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2.