Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes mellitus: A pre and post pandemic evaluation

Figure 1 Possible intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Bat is considered as the natural reservoir of the pandemic-causing beta coronaviruses: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV. The intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are palm civets and dromedary camels, respectively. Although mink, pangolin, ferret and snake have been considered as the intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, however the issue is still unresolved. The figure was created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/).

Figure 2 Interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Diabetes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in diabetic individuals result in β-cell damage and cytokine storm. β-cell damage deteriorates the glucose homeostasis resulting in hyperglycemic condition. The resulting cytokine storm causes insulin resistance particularly in liver and muscles which also results in hyperglycemic condition. These altogether deteriorates the condition of the diabetic individual ensuing increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019. The figure was created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/).