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World J Virology. Aug 12, 2015; 4(3): 277-284
Published online Aug 12, 2015. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.277
Perinatally infected adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (perinatally human immunodeficiency virus)
Maria Leticia S Cruz, Claudete A Cardoso
Maria Leticia S Cruz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20221-903, Brazil
Claudete A Cardoso, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24033-900, Brazil
Author contributions: Both authors have searched in data bases, read initially the abstracts, selected abstracts, read the complete papers that were selected, written the text and approved the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Maria Leticia S Cruz, Medical Assistant, Staff Physician, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rua Sacadura Cabral 178, Saúde, Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, anexo IV, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20221-903, Brazil. mleticia@diphse.com.br
Telephone: +55-21-22330018 Fax: +55-21-22637135
Received: January 7, 2015
Peer-review started: January 8, 2015
First decision: March 6, 2015
Revised: July 2, 2015
Accepted: July 21, 2015
Article in press: July 23, 2015
Published online: August 12, 2015
Processing time: 217 Days and 13.2 Hours
Abstract

The availability of highly potent antiretroviral treatment during the last decades has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic disease. Children that were diagnosed during the first months or years of life and received treatment, are living longer and better and are presently reaching adolescence and adulthood. Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIV) and young adults may present specific clinical, behavior and social characteristics and demands. We have performed a literature review about different aspects that have to be considered in the care and follow-up of PHIV. The search included papers in the MEDLINE database via PubMed, located using the keywords “perinatally HIV-infected” AND “adolescents”. Only articles published in English or Portuguese from 2003 to 2014 were selected. The types of articles included original research, systematic reviews, and quantitative or qualitative studies; case reports and case series were excluded. Results are presented in the following topics: “Puberal development and sexual maturation”, “Growth in weight and height”, “Bone metabolism during adolescence”, “Metabolic complications”, “Brain development, cognition and mental health”, “Reproductive health”, “Viral drug resistance” and “Transition to adult outpatient care”. We hope that this review will support the work of pediatricians, clinicians and infectious diseases specialists that are receiving these subjects to continue treatment.

Keywords: Adolescents; Human immunodeficiency virus-infection; Antiretroviral therapy; Puberty; Growth; Complications

Core tip: We have performed a literature review about different aspects that have to be considered in the care and follow-up of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and young adults. Articles reporting original research, systematic reviews, quantitative or qualitative studies and published from 2003 to 2014 were selected. Results are presented in the following topics: “Puberal development and sexual maturation”, “Growth in weight and height”, “Bone metabolism during adolescence”, “Metabolic complications”, “Brain development, cognition and mental health”, “Reproductive health”, “Viral drug resistance” and “Transition to adult outpatient care”.